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Spitzy2004 Stadler2004  Stelzer20020 Stelzer20032 Sterrer2004S Sterrer2004 Stott2003U Stradomskaya2004uStrecker2004v Stronkhorst2004Sugimoto200448 Sugiura2004w Suprayudi2004 Swings2003e= Swings20030> Swings20030 Swings20030 Swofford2004x Tadonleke2004} Tafas2004Takamaru20044 Takamura2003wTakeuchi20044|Takeuchi2004j Tallarico2004Tamargo-Pelaez20030 Taylor20040N Telfer2004y Temple2004" Temussi2004* Temussi2004 Teresa Dinis2004z Thomaz2004{ Thomaz2004< Thome2004Thompson2003Thompson2003=Thompson20033=Thompson20033>Thompson2003>Thompson20033Thompson20032 Thorp2003Tilstone2004> Tittel20040| Tomoda2004VTopalian2004 Torre-Bayon2003[Trasvina2004o Traunspurger2003}Triantaphyllidis2004Trujillo-Hernandez2003  Tsukamoto2002, Tsukamoto2003 Tsukamoto2003 Tunnacliffe2003 Tunnacliffe2003 Tunnacliffe2003 Twining2003S Tyler2003}Tzovenis20049 Ueda2003 Urabe2003" Uye2003~ van der Stap2004 van der Stap2004 Van Doninck2003~van Donk20042  Van Overdijk2003>Vandemeulebroecke2003 Vandenberghe2003̱ Vandenberghe2003v Vangheluwe20044a Vazquez2004EVazquez-Juarez20030 Velho2002 Ventura2003O Verschoor2003; Verschoor2004~ Verschoor2004 Verschoor2004i Vicente2004L Villate2004i Villena2004u Vinebrooke2004Virginia2003) Viroux20030GVladychenskaya2004 Vos2004 Vrba2003r Vught2004 Waeervagen2003 Wall20032Q Wallace2003I Walz2003 Warren20033  Watabe20020 Watabe20030( Weglenska20047Weithoff2003>Weithoff2004̀Weithoff2004 Welch2003 Wendt-Rasch2003 Wendt-Rasch2003 Werner2004̂ Werner2004  White2004kWilliams2004 Williamson2003 Willis20033 Woin2003c Woin2003e Wong2003 Work2003 Xi2003! Xi20030' Xi2003* Xi20033 Xi20036 Xi2004 Xie2003} Xouri2004) Xu20040) Yang2004 Yeates2003̫ Yoshida2003 Yoshida20038 Yoshida2004  Yoshinaga2002, Yoshinaga2003 Yoshinaga2003% Zarina20043 Zhang20033 Zhou20033 Zhuge2003Q Zimba2004<Zischler2003CLMOS8f!G$UNW^_bac9g#P5+B]6nK-`JQ?jk 71lprt (uH\Fy{wY=[}X/|~@h&0d >A<DT%,Io4e." AuthorsZJournals VKeywords ) "                                 rAbella, S. E. B.Acciarri, Silvia Adrian, R. Adrian, RitaAgostinho, A. A.Agrawal, A. A. Ahlrichs, W.Ahlrichs, Wilko Ahrens, P.Akbulut, N. E.Albritton, C. J.Aleshin, V. V. Allende, LuzAlonzo, Frederic Alt, A. K.Alvarez-Gonzalez, C. A.Amsinck, S. L.Anderson, F. E. Ando, Y. Andreozzi, R. Angulo, O. Aoki, S.Aoyagui, A. S. Aragao, C. Arimoto, M.Arimoto, Misao Arkhipova, I.Arkhipova, I. R.Arndt, Hartmut Arora, J. Arora, Jyoti Asakura, C.Assavaaree, M.Assavaaree, Mavit Audet, C. Auel, H.Auer, Brigitte Auwerx, J. Azuma, Mikio Badosa, A. Bailey, S. A.Bailey, Sarah A. Baird, D. J. Balloux, F.Balseiro, EstebanBambozzi, A. C. Bao, Lei Baranyi, C.Baranyi, Christian Barata, C.Barnthouse, L. W.Barraclough, T. G. Barreiro, A.Barrett, J. E.Barrett, John E.Barrios-Gonzalez, Javier Bartumeus, F. Bates, A. D.Battaglene, S. C. Beier, S.Bekleyen, Aysel Belgis, C. Bell, E. M.Bell, Elanor M. Belmonte, G.Bengtson, David A. Bergh, O.Berlinsky, David L. Bernot, R. J.Bielanska-Grajner, Irena Bini, L. M. Birkbeck, H. Birky, C. W.Birky, C. W., Jr.Birnbaum, Jenny Blaha, L.Bledzki, L. A.Bochdansky, A. B. Boenigk, J.Bogdanova, O. N. Boix, D.Bollens, S. M.Bonecker, C. C. Boore, J. L. Boschetti, C. Bostroem, S.Boudreau, T. M.Boudreau, Timothy M.Bourbonnais, N.Bradley, Terence M.Bransden, M. P. Brettum, Pal Brils, J. M.Brinckmann, E. Brown, J. A. Brown, M. R. Brucet, S.Burnett, B. J. Burt, A.Butlin, Roger K.Campanella, L.Campbell, R. K.Camusso, M. I. Caprioli, M.Caprioli, Manuela Cardini, A.Carmona, M. J.Casado-Martinez, C. Casper, A. F.Casper, Andrew F.Castane, P. M. Catalan, J. Caufman, F. Cecchi, P.  V[HEActa ecologica sinica/Shengtai Xuebao Acta Ecol. Sin./Shengtai Xuebao Acta Hydrobiologica SinicadaActa hydrobiologica sinica/Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao Acta Hydrobiol. Sin./Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao(#Acta Hydrochimica Et HydrobiologicaActa OecologicaLHAmazoniana-Limnologia Et Oecologia Regionalis Systemae Fluminis Amazonas$American Naturalist [Am. Nat.].<8Annales De Limnologie-International Journal of LimnologyAnnales Zoologici FenniciHCApplied Microbiology and Biotechnology Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. AquacultureAquaculture InternationalAquaculture ResearchAquaculture [Aquaculture]Aquatic EcologyHDAquatic Ecosystem Health & Management Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manage.Aquatic Microbial EcologyAquatic Toxicology(%Aquatic Toxicology [Aquat. Toxicol.].Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie($Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie SupplementArchiv Fur Hydrobiologie Belgian Journal of Zoology Bioessays Biofizika(%Biofizika, 2004 Nov-Dec, 49(6):1112-7 BiologiahdBiological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods HoleBiological Invasions,)Biological Journal of the Linnean SocietyBiologiya Vnutrennikh Vod$Biology and Fertility of SoilsBiology Bulletin Brazilian Journal of Biology Bryologist<6Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and ToxicologyTNBulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2004 Oct, 73(4):644-51D@Bulletin of the Japan Sea Research Institute Kanazawa University(#Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature$Chemistry and Physics of LipidsChemosphere ChemosphereHEChinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol.D@Cladistics-the International Journal of the Willi Hennig SocietyPJComparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A: Mol. Integr. Physiol.($Comptes rendus Biologies C. R. Biol.Conservation BiologyCurrent Biology Cytopathology4.Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Dis. Aquat. Org.Doklady Akademii NaukEcological ResearchEcology EcologyEcology Letters Ecotoxicology<7Ecotoxicology (London, England), 2004 Oct, 13(7):707-20,&Ecotoxicology and Environmental SafetyD>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2004 Jun, 58(2):236-45@=Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2004 May, 58(1):68-76Ekologia-Bratislava("Environmental Science & TechnologyPMEnvironmental science and pollution research international, 2004, 11(4):222-6,&Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry4/Environmental toxicology, 2004 Aug, 19(4):274-94/Environmental toxicology, 2004 Aug, 19(4):310-7(#Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science EvolutionEvolution & Development Extremophiles Febs LettersFisheries Science Forest Ecology and ManagementFreshwater Biology(%Freshwater Biology [Freshwat. Biol.].Functional Ecology GeneticsGlobal Change BiologyLHGlobal Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Glob. J. Pure and Appl. Sci. Harmful AlgaeHuiskes, Ad H L; Hydrobiologia Image and Vision Computing$!Indian Journal of Animal SciencesDAInternational Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary MicrobiologyInvertebrate Biology Italian Journal of Zoology<9Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya BiologicheskayaLFJournal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004 Aug 11, 52(16):5151-4LFJournal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004 Oct 6, 52(20):6228-3282Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and EcologyTNJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology [J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.].  q& abundance relationships0,& genetic divergence, taxonomic implications,'& influencing factors, floodplain lakes & main khors& organic compounds& precipitation changes& spatial overlaps (bacterium) (Cladocera ) (fungus)(Green) (Chlorococcales)(in natural channels)(Multivariate) (Mussels)(Scophthalmidae ) (Volvocida ))$!* Alkanesulfonic Acids: poisoning *Bacterial Toxins: toxicity*Bias (Epidemiology) *Carboxin:*Carboxin: chemistry$*Chlorella vulgaris: physiology*Cyanobacteria:*Ecology: methods("*Environmental Monitoring: methods<6*Environmental Monitoring: statistics & numerical data *Evolution *Fatty(#*Fatty Acids, Omega-3: pharmacology*Fluorocarbons: poisoning *Food Chain*Fungicides, Industrial:("*Fungicides, Industrial: chemistry$!*Fungicides, Industrial: toxicity*Furans: chemistry*Furans: toxicity *Geologic Sediments: analysis *Glycine:$*Glycine: analogs & derivatives*Herbicides: toxicity*Industrial Waste*Insecticides: toxicity*Invertebrates: chemistry$*Invertebrates: classification("*Microscopy, Fluorescence: methods*Models, Biological*Models, Theoretical *Muscles:*Muscles: physiology *Octanoic *Oxidants,*Paramecium caudatum: *Pentachlorophenol: toxicity *Peptides, *Perciformes:*Perciformes: metabolism*Phalloidine: analysis*Pharmaceutical *Phylogeny *Phytoplankton: drug effects *Plant Oils*Pyrethrins: toxicity*Rivers: chemistry($*RNA, Ribosomal, 18S: classification*Rotifera: cytology*Rotifera: drug effects*Rotifera: genetics*Rotifera: physiology*Scenedesmus: physiology*Sewage: chemistry *Soil Pollutants: toxicity*Sulfoxides: toxicity*Thiophanate: toxicity*Toxicity Tests*Waste Management: *Water*Water Pollutants, *Water Pollutants, Chemical:(%*Water Pollutants, Chemical: analysis(%*Water Pollutants, Chemical: toxicity*Water: chemistry *Zooplankton *Zooplankton: drug effects...Acanthocephala ...Anostraca ...Bivalvia ...Calanoida...Chaoboridae ...Ciliophora ...Cladocera ...Copepoda ...Crustacea...Cryptomonadida ...Cyclopoida...Dreissenoidea...Euphausiacea ...Gnathifera ...Heliozoea...Heterotrichida ...Natantia ...Ostracoda ...Ostreoida...Pectinoidea ...Percidae...Peritrichida...Phytomastigophorea ...Pisces ...Protozoa ...Rhizopoda ...Rotifera...Scophthalmidae ...Simuliidae ...Tardigrada("01344 Reproduction and development 01422 Environmental effects01585 Plant culture 03068 Algae04640 Other angiosperms($12000 Epidemiology and Public Health 12S rRNA 16S rRNA 18S rRNA1920215558637883A 01105 Non-patentsA 01114 Viruses AbioticAbiotic factorsAbsorption spectra Abundance0*abundance & sewage pollution relationshipsAcanthamoeba culbertsoniAcanthocephalaAcanthocephalansAcanthocyclops vernalisAcartia longiremis AcclimationAcclimatization@=accumulation in deep chlorophyll maximum of mesotrophic lake,acid composition acidic lakes Acidityacids Acids, Omega-3: metabolismAcids: poisoning ActinopodaActinopterygii ActionAction by CommissionActively feeding larvae activityActivity patterns(#Acutuncus antarcticus (Tardigrada ) adaptation adaptations Adineta vaga AerobicAgeAgonistic behaviourAgricultural pollution Agrochemicals40Ain El Sera & El lmam El Shaffie thermal springs Air pollution AlbertaAlberta, Banff Natl. ParkAlgae("Algae (see also Individual groups) Algae, Green: drug effectsAlgae: drug effectsAlgal Algal bloomsAlgal clearance Algal UV B AlgorithmsAlona0  =&>(@!]1GAe,IJ<flXP[/"#d%HT" w$4\ Q,K+$?(B/d-Yhf5B7=6gy.n8D="9P6Dn?@h{(4n.a=k#G?j#NnlaJ& 76-85$://000226083200011u Arkhipova, I. Meselson, M.F@Deleterious transposable elements and the extinction of asexuals Bioessays.60The genomes of virtually all sexually reproducing species contain transposable elements. Although active elements generally transpose more rapidly than they are inactivated by mutation or excision, their number can be kept in check by purifying selection if its effectiveness becomes disproportionately greater as their copy number increases. In sexually reproducing species, such synergistic selection can result from ectopic crossingover or from homologous recombination under negative epistasis. In addition, there may be controls on transposon activity that are associated with meiosis. Because a sexual lineage that abandons sex must lack such mechanisms, it may be driven to extinction by the unchecked proliferation of deleterious transposons inherited from its sexual progenitor. An important component of the evolutionary advantage of sex over asex may therefore lie in the ability of sex, despite facilitating the spread of deleterious elements within interbreeding populations, also to restrain their intragenomic proliferation. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jan  2005271ISI:000226083200011Species diversity of planktonic and epiphytic rotifers in the backwaters of the Delhi segment of the Yamuna River, with remarks on new records from India$Arora, Jyoti Mehra, Naresh K.aZoological Studies422  April0 2003239-247wEnglishdThe backwaters of the Delhi segment of the Yamuna River are shallow, weedy, and perennially open lentic habitats that harbor a rich variety of zooplankton, particularly rotifers. The present study is based on planktonic and epiphytic rotifers collected from these backwaters once a month over a period of 1 yr (September 1997 to August 1998). Planktonic rotifers were obtained by filtering water from the littoral zone through a plankton net, while epiphytic specimens were collected from the roots of Eichhornia crassipes and from floating and submerged leaves of Salvinia molesta. In total, 110 species belonging to 39 genera of 20 eurotatorian families were identified. Of these, five species of monogonont rotifers are new records from India, of which 2 are new to the Oriental region. The majority of the species were monogononts, while bdelloids were represented only by Rotaria sp. The largest fraction (76%) belonged to the following families: Lecanidae > Collurelidae > Brachionidae > Trichocercidae > Notommatidae > Flosculariidae. The fauna consisted mainly of cosmopolitan and tropicopolitan taxa except for 3 pantropical, 2 paleotropical, 2 arctic-temperate, 1 eastern hemispheric, and 1 holarctic taxa. The relative composition of planktonic and epiphytic rotifer species as well as the preference of the latter for the roots of Eichhornia compared to the leaves of Salvinia are discussed. Comments are also provided on species of special taxonomic and/or zoogeographic interest.Ecology; Community structure; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lotic water; Land and freshwater zones; Oriental region; India Rotifera; Species diversity; Planktonic & epiphytic fauna in river backwaters; River; Species diversity of planktonic & epiphytic fauna in backwater habitat; Delhi; Yamuna River; Species diversity of planktonic & epiphytic fauna in backwater habitat & new records ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13908000212vpSeasonal dynamics of rotifers in relation to physical and chemical conditions of the river Yamuna (Delhi), IndiaArora, J. Mehra, N. K. Hydrobiologia 491 2003101-109AEnglishsWe examined the seasonal succession of the rotifer assemblages in the backwaters of the Delhi segment of the river Yamuna in relation to 18 physical-chemical variables across one year. These shallow, weedy, and perennial aquatic biotopes support a diverse and abundant zooplankton. A total of 89 rotifer species belonging to 34 genera and 18 families were recorded. Their seasonal dynamics were characterized by (i) maxima and minima in total densities during spring-early summer and winter, respectively; (ii) individual species reaching maximum and minimum densities during different seasons; and (iii) an absence of seasonal variation in species diversity. The relative importance of various physical and chemical factors in determining rotifer community structure and seasonal succession is evaluated and Pearson-product moment correlations between physical-chemical variates and rotifer densities are analyzed and discussed.Ecology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lotic water; Abiotic factors; Land and freshwater zones; Oriental region; India Rotifera; Community structure; Seasonal assemblage dynamics in relation to physical & chemical conditions; Population dynamics; River; Seasonal dynamics in relation to physical & chemical conditions; Abiotic factors; Physicochemical conditions; Seasonal dynamics relationships; Delhi; River Yamuna; Wazirabad barrage area; Seasonal dynamics in relation to physicochemical parameters ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13911000285d that reservoir water level fluctuations may play a role in rotifer community dynamics by providing favorable conditions for littoral as well as pelagic species. 200481Humboldt Field Research Institute Journal ArticleResting stages; Hatching; Drying; Littoral zone; Water reservoirs; Sediments; Eggs; Water levels; Zooplankton; Flood plains; Community composition; Rotifera; USA, Kentucky, Kentucky L. Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Freshwater Q1 01244 Reproduction and development6053614c water; Abiotic factors; Land and freshwater zones; Oriental region; India Rotifera; Community structure; Seasonal assemblage dynamics in relation to physical & chemical conditions; Population dynamics; River; Seasonal dynamics in relation to physical & chemical conditions; Abiotic factors; Physicochemical conditions; Seasonal dynamics relationships; Delhi; River Yamuna; Wazirabad barrage area; Seasonal dynamics in relation to physicochemical parameters ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13911000285ID 2194-2202$://000186697000010&Ortells, R. Gomez, A. Serra, M.nhCoexistence of cryptic rotifer species: ecological and genetic characterisation of Brachionus plicatilisFreshwater Biologytm1. The coexistence of five cryptic species of the rotifer species complex Brachionus plicatilis was investigated in four coastal Mediterranean ponds. Monthly sampling was undertaken for 15 months and species were characterised using allozyme electrophoresis.2. We describe species-diagnostic allozyme loci that can be used for rapid identification of these species.3. The five species overlapped to some extent in their temporal use of the ponds, although some seasonal segregation was observed.4. The match between temporal and spatial distribution and limnological conditions suggested ecological specialisation in some cases, although we found striking examples of extensive seasonal overlap.5. Our results indicate that sympatry of cryptic rotifer species is largely because of seasonal ecological specialisation, which allows seasonal succession and partitioning of resources. The processes that might be involved in the long periods of overlapping seasonal distributions of species which are potentially competitors are discussed. This example illustrates that the 'paradox of the plankton' is more the rule than the exception.e 2003 Dece4812ISI:000186697000010 <5Effects of cationic amphiphilic substance on rotifersi*$Ostroumov, S. A. Walz, N. Rusche, R.Doklady Akademii Nauke 390p3 Maio 2003423-426eRussianlfNutrition; Diet; Ecology; Pollution; Abiotic factors Rotifera; Food plants; Phytoplankton; Filter feeding; Trophic structure; Filter feeding on phytoplankton, effect of chemical pollution; Chemical pollution; Chemical factors; Cationic amphiphilic substance; Effect on filter feeding, planktonic food, trophic significance ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13910003945a= 0 PlanktonRKFood web components, and physical and chemical properties of Baltic Sea iceoKaartokallio, H.'hbFinnish Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 33, 00931 Helsinki Finland, [mailto:hermanni@fimr.fi]$Marine ecology progress seriesMar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.e 273  49-63  0171-8630 Fast ice and underlying water of the northern Baltic Sea were sampled at 1 wk intervals during winter 2000 in a coastal location in SW Finland. To investigate seasonal succession and interactions inside the food web and between the food web and physical and chemical properties of the ice, several biological (chlorophyll a, abundance of bacteria, flagellates and ciliates, bacterial cell volume and leucine incorporation, POC), chemical (total and dissolved nutrients) and physical (salinity, temperature) parameters were measured. The first ice-algae bloom with chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations of up to 18.5 mu g/L occurred in mid-January, followed by the main ice-algae bloom in March and a heterotrophic postbloom situation shortly before the ice deteriorated in April. The ice-organism assemblage was autotrophy-dominated; during the entire ice-covered period, ice algae formed on average 82 plus or minus 10% (mean plus or minus SD) of the organism biomass. The largest heterotrophic groups by biomass were bacteria (16.7 plus or minus 9.4%), ciliates and metazoans (4.4 plus or minus 2.7 and 4.4 plus or minus 4.8%, respectively). The ice food-web was characterized by the importance of ice bacteria and the presence of a potential microbial loop (bacterial secondary production accounting for a mean of 27.1 plus or minus 19.3 mu mol C/m super(2)/d), grazing control on bacteria and flagellates, and also possible 'shortcuts' such as ciliate grazing on bacteria and metazoan herbivory. An ice-sheet warming event in February clearly affected the physical and chemical properties of the ice as well as the structure and function of ice-organism assemblages. Ice organisms probably controlled dissolved nutrient concentrations inside the ice by uptake and regeneration. 2004<52004. Physical medium: Printed matter Journal ArticleSea ice; Food webs; Chlorophylls; Abundance; Physicochemical properties; Secondary production; Salinity data; Water temperature; Seasonal variations; Biomass; Bacteria; Ciliophora; Mastigophora; Protozoa; Rotifera; Copepoda; ANE, Finland, Santala Bay; ANE, Baltic Sea Bacteria; Flagellated protozoans; Copepods; Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Marine Q1 01482 Ecosystems and energetics; O 1070 Ecology/Community Studies6106230alyciflorus increased when neither the competitor B. diversicornis nor the predator A. sieboldi was abundant. Brachionus calyciflorus was spined in the presence of A. sieboldi. Crustaceans increased in August and September.bEcology; Community structure; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Rotifera; Crustacea; Relative abundance, lake; Japan; Honshu; Ishikawa; Kahoku gata; Seasonal abundance, plankton ...Rotifera ...Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotiferse 13908002646 3,` 1947-1953$://000223916200012d0)Yoshida, T. Hairston, N. G. Ellner, S. P.Evolutionary trade-off between defence against grazing and competitive ability in a simple unicellular alga, Chlorelia vulgaris NGProceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciencesc^WTrade-offs between defence and other fitness components are expected in principle, and can have major qualitative impacts on ecological dynamics. Here we show that such a trade-off exists even in the simple unicellular alga Chlorella vulgaris. We grew algal populations for multiple generations in either the presence ('grazed algae') or absence ('non-grazed algae') of the grazing rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, and then evaluated their defence and competitive abilities. Grazed algae were better defended, yielding rotifer growth rate 32% below that of animals fed non-grazed algae, but they also had diminished competitive ability, with a growth rate under nutrient-limiting conditions 28% below that of non-grazed algae. Grazed algae also had a smaller cell size and were more concentrated in carbon and nitrogen. Thus, C. vulgaris genotypes vary phenotypically in their position along a trade-off curve between defence against grazing and competitive ability. This genetic variation underlies rapid algal evolution that significantly alters the ecological predator-prey cycles between rotifers and algae. Sep 22 2004 271 1551ISI:000223916200012tnLife history response and age-specific tolerance to starvation in Brachionus plicatilis O.F. Muller (Rotifera)>7Yoshinaga, Tatsuki Hagiwara, Atsushi Tsukamoto, Katsumi 82Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 287f2e11 2003261-271aEnglishh$To examine the life history response and age-specific tolerance to starvation in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis O.F. Muller, we carried out two series of individual culture experiments. In the first experiment, rotifers were fed until each of the ages of 1-4 days, and were then starved during the rest of their lifetimes. The control group was fed throughout their lifespans. Rotifers stopped active reproduction just after the onset of food deprivation, and showed shorter subsequent survival times when they were starved at older ages. The finding that the larger the number of offspring produced before food deprivation, the shorter the subsequent lifetime under starvation, appeared to reflect a trade-off with the cost of reproduction. In the second experiment, newborns were starved until each of the ages of 1-5 days, and were fed thereafter. The lifespans of the rotifers starved up to the age of 3 days were not statistically different from those that were not starved. Although the starved rotifers began to reproduce once fed again, their lifetime fecundity decreased significantly from that of the non-starved group. Based on these results, it was suggested that the reproductive suppression caused by starvation would cause rotifers to have a longer lifespan to allow for future reproduction.Biometrics; Nutrition; Life cycle and development; Ecology; Population dynamics Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera); Age; Starvation; Life history response & age related tolerance; Life cycle; Life history; Survival ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13905005872715-722$://000187366400011aF?Yoshinaga, T. Kaneko, G. Kinoshita, S. Tsukamoto, K. Watabe, S.pjThe molecular mechanisms of life history alterations in a rotifer: a novel approach in population dynamicsPJComparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology}The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is a widely-used model for population dynamics studies. During the population growth of B. plicatilis, life history parameters such as reproduction and lifespan change widely, and determine the balance between birth and death rates that regulates the population fluctuations. The lifespan of B. plicatilis was extended 30% by inhibiting a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase involved in an insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signal transduction pathway that regulates the reproduction and lifespan in nematodes. Subsequently, we cloned a cDNA encoding Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which may function downstream of the IGF pathway Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression level of Mn-SOD mRNA was higher in B. plicatilis with longer lifespans than those with shorter lifespans. In addition, stress proteins may also influence population dynamics as molecules regulating lifespan and molecular chaperones to maintain the cellular integrity. Accordingly, we cloned two stress protein genes encoding HSP70 and GRP94, and found that their expression changed during the population growth of rotifers. Thus, this novel approach of integrating population ecology and molecular biology has potential use in investigation the detailed mechanisms of rotifer population dynamics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  2003 Dec 136l4oISI:000187366400011of`Effects of diets and daily harvesting ratios on growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis"Zhang, Deng-li Zhou, Hong-qi$Shanghai Shuichan Daxue Xuebao121  Marcht 2003 1-5 ChineserNutrition; Reproduction; Reproductive productivity; Ecology; Population dynamics Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera); Diet; Egg number; Population density; Diet & harvesting rate effects ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifersy 13908005911n478-488$://000180309000010n,%King, J. M. Liang, X. M. Rusch, K. A. zNutritional properties of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum.(Journal of the World Aquaculture Society>7This study examined the effects of storage time on the fatty acid composition of freshwater Selenastrum capricornutum algal paste under 4 C refrigeration, the fatty acid composition of rotifers fed the fresh and stored algal paste, and the toxicological properties of the algal paste. Microalgae were produced in a hydraulically integrated serial turbidostat algal reactor (HIS-TAR), harvested as a paste, refrigerated and analyzed every 2 wk. Fresh Selenastrum capricornutum paste had almost three times greater concentration of unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids. Over 50% of the unsaturated fatty acids were made up of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Total unsaturated, n-3 group and n-6 group fatty acids decreased (P < 0.05) during storage, including the nutritionally important fatty acids (C20:4n6, C20:5n3, C22:6n3). Rotifers fed 2- and 4-wk-old algal paste had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) total unsaturated fatty acid percentage and significantly greater (P < 0.05) total saturated fatty acids than those fed fresh algae. There were no significant changes in the n-6 group fatty acid level in the 4-wk-old paste feeding study or for the n-3 or n-6 groups in the 2-wk-old paste feeding study as compared to fresh algae. The levels of the three nutritionally important fatty acids (C20:4n6, C20:50, C22:6n3) did not differ between rotifers fed fresh and stored algae. Stored algae did not present toxicity to rotifers and Daphnia at the normal feeding concentration. These results indicated that the use of refrigerated freshwater algal paste for production of rotifers results in live feed with adequate nutritional properties for marine larviculture. This could eliminate the costs associated with production of marine algae, which could be replaced with freshwater algae, and may provide an alternative to cryopreservation.x 2002 Decn334iISI:000180309000010)$|gyNo slave to sex0$Schon, Isabelle Martens, KoenD=Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series Bo 270s 151722 2003827-833pEnglish 6/Fully asexual lineages cannot purge accumulating mutations from their genome through recombination. In ancient asexuals that have persisted without sex for millions of years, this should lead to high allelic divergences (the 'Meselson effect') as has been shown for bdelloid rotifers. Homogenizing mechanisms can counter this effect, resulting in low genetic diversity within and between individuals. Here, we show that the ancient asexual ostracod species Darwinula stevensoni has very low nucleotide sequence divergence in three nuclear regions. Differences in genetic diversity between embryos and adults furthermore indicate that up to half of the observed genetic changes in adults can be caused by somatic mutations. Likelihood permutation tests confirm the presence of gene conversion in the multi-copy internal transcribed spacer sequence, but reject rare or cryptic forms of sex as a general explanation for the low genetic diversity in D. stevensoni. Other special mechanisms (such as highly efficient DNA repair) might have been selected for in this ancient asexual to overcome the mutational load and Muller's ratchet. In this case, our data support these hypotheses on the prevalence of sex, even if the two extant ancient asexual groups (bdelloids and darwinulids) seem to follow opposite evolutionary strategies.rkBiochemistry; Reproduction; Genetics; Molecular genetics Darwinula stevensoni (Ostracoda); Nucleic acids; DNA repair; Reproduction; Asexual lineage maintenance; Nucleotide sequence divergence & DNA repair; Molecular genetics; Gene expression; Nucleotide sequence divergence; Mutation; Mutational load ...Ostracoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates 13907004698 E3 Mining Lake Mitochondria Mixotrophy Modelling Models Models,Models, BiologicalMoinidae (Cladocera )Moinidae (Cladocera)0,Molecular evolution rates related to mode ofMolecular genetics Molecular genetics, 18S rDNA0+Molecular genetics, rDNA 16S 23S intergenicMolecular systematics Mollusca($Molluscan & piscean predators effect,'Molluscan & piscean predators effect onMolluscan filter,(Molluscan filter feeders impact on riverMolluscan predators MolluscsMonogonomata (Rotifera) Monogononta Monommata arndti (Rotifera) MonsoonsMorphological response &Morphological studyMorphological variation morphology,&Morphology & phylogenetic implications Mortality Mosquitoes MougeotiaMucus secretionMultivariate Analysis Muscles: Musculature Mussels Mutagenicity MutationMutational load Mutualism MysidaceaMytilus edulisNannochloris atomusNannochloropsisNannochloropsis oculata NannoplanktonNatural selection Nauplii NearcticNearctic region Nematocera Nematoda NematodesNeotropical region(#Nervous System: anatomy & histology Nesting Behavior: physiology NetherlandsNetherlands, LoosdrechtNewNew associate speciesNew pathogen species New record New record from larval midgutHBNew record from larval midgut associated with endosymbiotic fungii New recordsNew records, abundance New speciesNew species of$New species of fungal predator New Zealand Niches Nigeria Nitrates Nitrite Nitrites NitrogenNitrogen compoundsNitrogen isotopesNitrogen: metabolism$ No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level$ Nodipecten nodosus (Pectinoidea) NomenclatureNon-U.S. Gov'tNorth North America$ North America, Saint Lawrence R. North America, St. Lawrence North Pacific NorwayNorway, Atnsjoen L. Notholca acuminata (Rotifera) Nucleic acidsNucleotide sequence$Nucleotide sequence divergence NucleotidesNutrient availability<6Nutrient limitation effects on predator life history &DANutrient limitation effects on predator life history & starvationD>Nutrient supply & dipteran predation effects on zooplankton in@;nutrient supply effects on zooplankton community in shallow NutrientsNutrients (mineral) NutritionNutritional requirements NutritiveNutritive value O 1010O 1010 Viruses,84O 1010 Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants O 1030O 1030 Invertebrates$ O 1050 Vertebrates, Urochordates O 1070$ O 1070 Ecology/Community Studies O 4095 Instruments/Methods O 5060O 5060 Aquacultureobservations & modelOceanic islandsOceans and Seas Ochromonas oculataof anhydrobiosis of computersHBof planktonic & epiphytic fauna in backwater habitat & new records of PollutionOilsOkavango DeltaOligohymenophoreaOligotrophic environmentsOligotrophic lakes olive mills Omnivory Omnivory in on plankton Ontogeny Oocysts$Oocyte nuclear DNA content & GC Oocytes OogenesisOpossom shrimps Optical OregonOrganic carbonOrganic compoundsOrganic fertilizersOrganic LoadingOrganic matterOrganism morphology OrganismsOriental regionorthophosphate Oscillation Oscillations Ostracoda Ostreoidaother aquatic animals overlaps4/overlaps with piscean predators & phytoplankton Overwintering Ovum: drugOvum: physiology@:oxidase I partial gene sequence, phylogenetic implications OxidationOxidation-Reduction OxygenOxygen profilesOxygen: analysisOxygen: chemistryOzone: chemistryU Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the River Cuiaba (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with analysis of Rotifera and Cladocera diversityn60Neves, I. F. Rocha, O. Roche, K. F. Pinto, A. A."Brazilian Journal of Biology632e Maya 2003329-343LEnglishaIn the present study, two small lakes on the margins of the River Cuiaba were analyzed regarding taxonomic composition and population densities of the zooplankton. Diversity was evaluated for two groups, Rotifera and Cladocera; sampling was carried out on two dates: 2 March 1999, in the rainy season, and 25 August 1999, in the dry season. Seventy-nine rotifer taxa, 30 cladoceran taxa, and 6 copepod taxa were found. Comparing the species identified in the present study with those recorded by other authors for several water bodies in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states, it was found that 9 species of Cladocera, 2 of Copepoda, and 14 of Rotifera are new records for the region. The most abundant rotifer species were Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus angularis, Polyarthra vulgaris, and Keratella americana. Moina minuta and Bosminopsis deitersi were dominant among the cladocerans, and Notodiaptomus transitans and N. devoyorum among the copepods. Comparing both lakes, the greatest species richness of both Rotifera and Cladocera was observed in Lake Souza Lima, during the rainy season. This is probably linked to the fact that the littoral region of this lake is densely colonized by macrophytes. The lake also has better environmental conditions since it does not receive domestic sewage inputs, as does Lake Parque Atalaia. The diversity of the Rotifera was markedly low in Lake Parque Atalaia, during the dry season, again perhaps linked domestic sewage input found in this water body.Ecology; Population dynamics; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Pollution; Land and freshwater zones; Neotropical region; South America Rotifera; Community structure; Population density, macrophyte abundance & sewage pollution relationships; Lake; Floodplain river margin lakes; Community structure & influencing factors, comparative study; Pollution; Domestic sewage; Community structure & abundance relationships; Brazil; Mato Grosso; River Cuiaba; New records, abundance & influencing factors, floodplain lakes Cladocera; Copepoda; Community structure, macrophyte abundance & sewage pollution relationships, comparative study; Population density; Lake; Floodplain river margin lakes; Pollution; Domestic sewage; Brazil; Mato Grosso; River Cuiaba; New records, abundance & influencing factors, floodplain lakes ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifers 13909003749tnBiotesting in the Assessment of Environmental and Toxicological State of Water Bodies in Lower Don River BasinLFNikanorov, A. M. Khoruzhaya, T. A. Stradomskaya, A. G. Mironova, T. V.'Hydrochemical Institute, Southern Branch, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Stachki 198, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia$Water Resources/Vodnye Resursy Water Resour./Vod. Resur.t312d189-194  Mari 0097-8078uThe toxicity of river water in the Lower Don basin was studied using biotesting with different biological objects. Water taken from most examined reaches of the Don and its tributaries was shown to exert toxic effect on crustaceans, algae, protozoa, and Rotifera. 20040*Kluwer Academic Publishers Journal Article\UPollutants; Water pollution; Algae; Protozoa; Russia, Don R. X 24221 Toxicity testing58768434.Genomic signatures of ancient asexual lineages<6Normark, Benjamin B. Judson, Olivia P. Moran, Nancy A.0)Biological Journal of the Linnean Society(791i Maym 2003 69-84 EnglishiAncient asexuals [long dash] organisms that have lived without sex for millions of years [long dash] offer unique opportunities for discriminating among the various theories of the maintenance of sex. The last few years have seen molecular studies of a number of putative ancient asexual lineages, including bdelloid rotifers, Darwinulid ostracods, and mycorrhizal fungi. To help make sense of the diverse findings of such studies, we present a review and classification of the predicted effects of loss of sex on the eukaryotic genome. These include: (1) direct effects on the genetic structure of individuals and populations; (2) direct effects on the mutation rate due to the loss of the sexual phase; (3) decay of genes specific to sex and recombination; (4) effects of the cessation of sexual selection; (5) dis-adaptation due to the reduced efficiency of selection; and (6) adaptations to asexuality. We discuss the utility of the various predictions for detecting ancient asexuality, for testing hypotheses of the reversibility of a transition to asexuality, and for discriminating between theories of sex. In addition, we review the current status of putative ancient asexuals.LETechniques; Reproduction; Genetics; Evolution Comprehensive Zoology; Genetic techniques; Reproductive techniques, analysis using genomic signatures; Reproduction; Asexual reproduction; Genetics; Evolution; Ancient asexual lineages, review & analysis using genomic signatures Bdelloidea (Rotifera ); Darwinulidae (Ostracoda ); Genetic techniques; Reproductive techniques; Reproduction; Asexual reproduction; Ancient asexual lineages, review & analysis using genomic signatures; Genetics; Evolution ...Rotifera ...Ostracoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifers 13907003870% zgyf_Bacterial and protozoan mass accumulation in the deep chlorophyll maximum of a mesotrophic lake(!Adrian, Rita Schipolowski, Thomasa Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie 1571i Aprili 2003 27-46cEnglishlDeep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) represent high accumulations of algal biomass in the microaerobic metalimnion of mesotrophic lakes characterised by a few algal species which persist in time. We studied the accumulation of bacteria, protozoans and the mesozooplankton associated with the DCM of mesotrophic Grosser Vatersee in northern Germany over a three year period and related our findings to the pattern found in the epilimnion and the hypolimnion. More than 20% of the bacterial and protozoan biomass was concentrated in the narrow layer of the DCM, which comprised less than 10% of the whole water column. Between 16 and 36% of the rotifers and 12-31% of the juvenile cyclopoid copepods inhabited the DCM permanently on a day/night time scale, while calanoid copepods and adult cyclopoid copepods concentrated in the upper metalimnion and migrated into the DCM occasionally. Although bacteria and flagellates were generally larger in the DCM than in the epilimnion, ratios between bacterial and protozoan biomass were similar in both lake compartments. Our findings confirm a uniform community structure in the DCM of ciliates (Dexiotricha spp. and Strobilidium spp. comprised on average 70% of ciliate biomass) and, to a lesser extent, of mesozooplankton (rotifers and juvenile cyclopoid copepods dominated in the DCM). In contrast seasonal and interannual patterns of bacterial and protozoan biomass and cell size imply variation in the effects of predation.Ecology; Distribution within habitat; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Comprehensive Zoology; Biomass; Vertical distribution; Lake; Mesotrophic lake; Mesozooplankton accumulation in deep chlorophyll maximum; Germany; Brandenburg; Grosser Vaetersee; Mesozooplankton accumulation in deep chlorophyll maximum of mesotrophic lake, influencing factors Protozoa; Biomass; Vertical distribution; Lake; Mesotrophic lake; Mass accumulation in deep chlorophyll maximum; Germany; Brandenburg; Grosser Vaetersee; Mass accumulation in deep chlorophyll maximum of mesotrophic lake, influencing factors ...Protozoa Invertebrates; Protozoans 13908000041 lvoPredation of Cryptosporidium oocysts by protozoa and rotifers: implications for water quality and public health .(Stott, R. May, E. Ramirez, E. Warren, A. 1843394359 IWA Publishing 82Alliance House 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS UKPredation by free-living protozoa and rotifers was investigated as a possible mechanism for the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in aquatic ecosystems including wastewater treatment plants. Free-living ciliated protozoa (Stylonychia mytilus, Paramecium caudatum and an unidentified wastewater wetland ciliate), an amoeba (Acanthamoeba culbertsoni) and rotifers, all commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, were exposed to varying doses of C. parvum oocysts. All organisms investigated ingested oocysts. Predation activity and rates of ingestion varied with predator species and prey density. Ciliated protozoa demonstrated greater predation activity than A. culbertsoni or rotifers when exposed to 2 x 10 super(5) oocyst/mL for up to 3 h. Greatest predation after 1 h exposure was observed in P. caudatum, the largest ciliate, with on average 1.9 oocysts/cell (range 0-9 oocysts/cell). Stylonychia mytilus and the wetland ciliate had a similar mean ingestion of around 0.3 oocysts/cell, with numbers internalised ranging from 0-3 oocysts/cell. Rotifers ingested on average 1.6 oocysts/individual (range 0-7 oocysts/individual) whilst amoebae ingested on average 1.8 oocysts/cell after 2 h exposure (up to 3 oocysts/cell). Grazing activity by P. caudatum was demonstrated at a variety of prey levels ranging from 9 to 9,000 oocysts. Numbers of oocysts internalised by Paramecium frequently exceeded the reported human infective dose of 30 oocysts. In general, numbers of internalised oocysts increased with incubation time of up to 20-30 min although the rate of accumulation was slower at lower dose levels. The significance of predation on the fate of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment is discussed. 2003 11. International Symposium on Health-related Water Microbiology, Melbourne (Australia), 7-11 Apr 2002 Health-related Water Microbiology. pp. 77-83. Water Science & Technology [Water Sci. Technol.]. Vol. 47, no. 3. 0273-1223 English Book Monograph; ConferenceOocysts; Predation; Wastewater treatment; rotifers; Water Pollution; Fate of Pollutants; Microbiological Studies; Cryptosporidium; Protozoa; Feeding Rates; Experimental Data; Water Quality; Public Health; Pollution (Water); Intestinal protozoa; Oocytes; Feeding (Animal); Water quality (Treated waters); Public-health; Microbiology; Cryptosporidium parvum; Paramecium caudatum; Acanthamoeba culbertsoni; Stylonychia mytilus; Rotifera Rotifers K 03100 Miscellaneous topics; SW 3020 Sources and fate of pollution; AQ 00002 Water Quality; P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION; H 12000 Epidemiology and Public Health; EE 50 Water & Wastewater Treatment; P 6000 TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH5602252M LTMAutotroph:herbivore biomass ratios; carbon deficits judged from plankton datae4-Hessen, Dag O. Faafeng, Bjorn A. Brettum, Pal Hydrobiologia 491o 2003167-175Englisht A survey on phytoplankton:zooplankton biomass ratios was performed in 342 Norwegian lakes, covering a wide range in lake size and productivity (total phosphorus: 3-246 [mu]g l-1), but with most localities being oligo- to mesotrophic. Mean phytoplankton biomass was 88 [mu]g C l-1, yet with the majority below 50 [mu]g C l-1 and a median of 25 [mu]g C l-1. Total zooplankton biomass displayed a mean and median of 37 and 26 [mu]g C l-1, respectively. Cladocerans were by far the dominant group, making up a median of almost 60% of total zooplankton biomass. Total zooplankton biomass as well as that of major aggregated metazoan taxa (cladocerans, calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods and rotifers) all showed a positive, but weak correlation with total phytoplankton biomass. These weak correlations suggest that algal biomass pet se is a poor predictor of zooplankton biomass. An average phyto-:zooplankton biomass ratio (C:C) of 2.8 (SD[plus or minus]4.7) was found. 30% of the lakes had a phyto-:zooplankton biomass ratio below unity. While there was no correlation between the phyto-:zooplankton biomass ratio with increasing productivity in terms of P concentration, there was a higher biomass ratio in lakes with high fish predation pressure. The low ratio of phyto-:zooplankton biomass suggest major requirements from non-algal sources of C in the zooplankton diet. The need for dietary subsidizing is also supported by the fact that more than 75% of the lakes had algal biomass less than the estimated threshold for net positive growth of zooplankton, although it should be kept in mind that a high share of picoplankton would imply an underestimation of autotroph biomass in these lakes. Since the C-deficiency apparently is most pronounced in oligotrophic systems, it contradicts the view that the detritus pathways plays a predominant role in highly productive systems only, but while the source of detritus probably is mostly of autochthonous origin in eutrophic lakes, allochthonous detritus will be more important in oligotrophic systems.`ZEcology; Trophic structure; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Comprehensive Zoology; Biomass; Autotroph;heterotroph biomass ratios; Relative phytoplankton;zooplankton abundance patterns & trophic carbon deficit assessments; Element cycles; Carbon cycle; Trophic carbon deficit assessments based on phytoplankton;zooplankton biomass ratios; Food webs; Food chain; Carbon deficit assessments based on phytoplankton;zooplankton biomass ratios; Lake; Norway; Phytoplankton;zooplankton biomass ratios & trophic carbon deficit assessments, lakes 13911002030X d Fatty acidsCombined Effects of Food (Chlorella vulgaris) Concentration and Temperature on the Population Growth of Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera: Brachionidae)s4-Pavon-Meza, E. L. Sarma, S. S. S. Nandini, S.d'Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Iztacala, Av. de Los Barrios, s/n Los Reyes, AP 314, CP 54090, Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico, Mexico, [mailto:luciapav@hotmail.com]$Journal of Freshwater EcologyrJ. Freshwat. Ecol.194u521-530  Decn 0270-5060rZSBrachionus havanaensis is a common rotifer in the North American continent. Its frequent occurrence in relatively high densities and availability throughout the year in several Mexican freshwater bodies prompted us to understand the population dynamics of this species in relation to food level (Chlorella vulgaris at 0.5X10 super(6), 1.0X10 super(6) and 2.0X10 super(6) cells ml super(-1)) and temperature (15 degree , 20 degree , and 25 degree C). We found that regardless of the temperature, an increase in food level resulted in an increase in the population growth of the rotifers. However, at any food level, rotifers cultured at 15 degree C did not increase beyond 8 ind. ml super(-1); on the other hand at comparable food concentrations at both 20 and 25 degree C, the population densities were higher than 600 ind. ml super(-1). The rate of population increase per day (d super(-1)) of B. havanaensis varied from 0.02 to 0.29 d super(-1) depending on the food density and temperature. Our results also showed that regardless of the food level, at 15 degree C B. havanaensis had no statistically significant relation between the number of eggs per female and the population abundance. On the other hand, significant inverse relationships were observed between the egg ratio and population density of B. havanaensis grown at 20 degree and 25 degree C, regardless of the food level. When the daily growth rates were plotted against the population densities of the previous day, we found a significantly inverse relation for rotifers grown at 20 degree and 25 degree C, but not at 15 degree C, for all tested food levels. There were statistically significant effects of food level, temperature, and the interaction of both parameters on both the peak population density and the rate of population increase, although temperature had a far greater influence than did food. 2004Journal ArticleFood availability; Temperature effects; Population growth; Brachionus havanaensis; Chlorella vulgaris D 04655 Invertebrates - general6118216Yonmental factors Light effects521-530$://000225656300001o4-Pavon-Meza, E. L. Sarma, S. S. S. Nandini, S.Combined effects of food (Chlorelia vulgaris) concentration and temperature on the population growth of Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera : Brachionidae)$Journal of Freshwater Ecologyh Brachionus havanaensis is a common rotifer in the North American continent. Its frequent occurrence in relatively high densities and availability throughout the year in several Mexican freshwater bodies prompted us to understand the population dynamics of this species in relation to food level (Chlorella vulgaris at 0.5X10(6), 1.0X10(6) and 2.0X10(6) cells ml(-1)) and temperature (15degrees, 20degrees, and 25degreesC). We found that regardless of the temperature, an increase in food level resulted in an increase in the population growth of the rotifers. However, at any food level, rotifers cultured at 15degreesC did not increase beyond 8 ind. ml(-1); on the other hand at comparable food concentrations at both 20 and 25degreesC, the population densities were higher than 600 ind. ml(-1). The rate of population increase per day (d(-1)) of B. havanaensis varied from 0.02 to 0.29 d(-1) depending on the food density and temperature. Our results also showed that regardless of the food level, at 15degreesC B. havanaensis had no statistically significant relation between the number of eggs per female and the population abundance. On the other hand, significant inverse relationships were observed between the egg ratio and population density of B. havanaensis grown at 20degrees and 25degreesC, regardless of the food level. When the daily growth rates were plotted against the population densities of the previous day, we found a significantly inverse relation for rotifers grown at 20degrees and 25degreesC, but not at 15degreesC, for all tested food levels. There were statistically significant effects of food level, temperature, and the interaction of both parameters on both the peak population density and the rate of population increase, although temperature had a far greater influence than did food. Dec 2004194ISI:00022565630000112520546(Case 3148). Clariidae Kutikova, Markevich & Spiridonov, 1990 (Rotifera): spelling emended to Clariidae so removing homonymy with Clariidae Bonaparte, 1846 (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes) Iczn Opinion*#Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature602r30 2003149-150EnglishThe Commission has ruled that the homonymy between the family-group names CLARIIDAE Kutikova, Markevich & Spiridonov, 1990 (Rotifera) and CLARIIDAE. Bonaparte, 1846 (Osteichthyes) is removed by emending the spelling of the rotifer family-group name by adopting the full genus name as the stern, giving the corresponding family-group name CLARIAIDAE: Kutikova, Markevich & Spiridonov, 1990. The fish name CLARIIDAE. Bonaparte, 1846 remains unchanged.;Systematics; Nomenclature; International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Claria Kutikova; Markevich & Spiridonov 1990 (Rotifera ); Action by Commission; Placed on Official List; With stem ruled as Claria, p. 149 Claria segmentata Kutikova; Markevich & Spiridonov 1990 (Rotifera ); Action by Commission; Placed on Official List, p. 149 Clariaidae Kutikova; Markevich & Spiridonov 1990 (Rotifera ); Action by Commission; Placed on Official List; Emendation of Clariidae Kutikova; Markevich & Spiridonov 1990, p. 149 Clariidae Kutikova; Markevich & Spiridonov 1990 (Rotifera ); Action by Commission; Placed on Official Index; Emendation to Clariaidae Kutikova; Markevich & Spiridonov 1990, p. 149 ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13911002204 2v@Diaptomidae (Calanoida )Diaptomidae (Calanoida) DiatomsDiel85Diel depth distribution variations & spatial overlapsDiel variation84Diel variation & spatial overlaps with plankton prey,)Diel variation in vertical distribution &@;Diel variations & spatial overlaps with piscean predators &$ Diel variations in predator prey0*Diel variations in vertical distribution &4/Diel vertical distribution variations & spatialDiel vertical migrationDiet$Diet & harvesting rate effectsDiet composition &Dietary deficienciesDietary requirementsDiets Digestion DigestiveDigestive system DimensionsDimethyl sulfoxideDimethylsulfoxide DinobryonDinoflagellates Dinophyta DipteraDipterans/True FliesDirect & indirect effects(%Direct & indirect effects on planktonDisease detectionDisease transmissionDiseases and disorders$Diseases of Cultured Organisms Disinfection disorders Dispersaldispersal implicationsDissolved oxygen Distribution$distribution & spatial overlapsdistribution patternsDistribution recordsDistribution within Distribution within habitat DisturbanceDisturbance by man Diurondivergence & DNA repair diversity DiyarbakirDNA DNA repair$DNA, Ribosomal: classificationDocosahexaenoic acid Documentation DomesticDomestic sewage Dominance DominantDominant speciesD@Donghu, rDNA 16S 23S intergenic spacer regions sequence analysis Dormancy Dredge spoil Dredging Dreissena Dreissena (Dreissenoidea )Dreissena polymorpha($Dreissena polymorpha (Dreissenoidea) Drosophila Droughts Drug ToxicityDrugs DryingDunaliella tertiolecta Duration Dynamics,&dynamics & distribution, lake ecotones($dynamics & productivity significancedynamics relationshipsEastEchinocardium cordatumEcological distributionEcological EffectsEcological energeticsEcological succession Ecological Systems, ClosedEcological techniques(#Ecological techniques and apparatus EcologyEcology/Community Studies Ecology: EcosystemEcosystem disturbance Ecosystems Ecotone EcotypesEE 40 EE 40 Water0,EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control &<8EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & RemediationEE 50 Water & Wastewater0*Effect on filter feeding, planktonic food,effect on hosts<9Effect on plankton summer biomass dynamics, lakes, review effectsEffects of pollutionEffects on organisms efficiency, laboratory study EffluentsEgg Egg numberEgg productionEggsEgyptEicosapentaenoic acid ElectricElectron transportElement cycles EllpoutElosaElosa woralliiEmbata parasitica EmbryoEmbryonic development Emendation of Emendation toEmulsions: chemistry Encapsulation EncentrumEndemic species EndoparasiticEndoparasitism evolution<6Endosymbiont in larval midgut associated with Rotifera Energy budget Energy flow Energy intakeEnglish Abstract environmentEnvironment, Controlled EnvironmentalEnvironmental conditionsEnvironmental effectsEnvironmental factorsEnvironmental impactEnvironmental indicators$!environmental influencing factorsEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental Pollutants:("Environmental Pollutants: analysis environmentsEnzymatic activity Enzymes Epibiont,,(Epibiont, host selection, reproduction & Epibionts Epilimnion Epiphytes Epistylis$!Epistylis pygmaeum (Peritrichida) Epistylis pygmaeum (Protozoa) EpizoitesEpontic environment Equatorial($Equatorial Guinea, Bioko I., Biao L.Eriocheir sinensis EstuariesEstuarine sedimentationH  b\Seasonal variation in plankton community responses of mesocosms dosed with pentachlorophenol6/Willis, K. J. Van den Brink, P. J. Green, J. D.h'|Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology Research, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. kjw@sams.ac.uk>7Ecotoxicology (London, England), 2004 Oct, 13(7):707-20 0963-9292nAnimals; Australia; *Environmental Monitoring: methods; New Zealand; *Pentachlorophenol: toxicity; *Phytoplankton: drug effects; Phytoplankton: physiology; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Seasons; Water Microbiology; *Water Pollutants, Chemical: toxicity; Water SupplySeasonal variations in plankton community response to pentachlorophenol (PCP) were studied in four mesocosm experiments using enclosures in a small lake. The mesocosms (860 l) were dosed with single applications of technical grade PCP (0, 4, 10, 24, 36, 54, 81 and 121 microg/l PCP) and monitored for 20 days. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that plankton community taxonomic composition varied with season. In winter and spring, communities were most stable in time; species diversity and abundance were lowest in winter. Seasonally, the communities varied little with respect to the dominant species, which were the copepod Calamoecia lucasi, the alga Peridinium sp. and the rotifer Ascomorpha ovalis. The direct effects of the PCP additions varied little between seasons, but indirect effects were evident at lower treatment levels in autumn. Indirect effects were not evident in winter. Minor variations in plankton community responses to PCP with season were apparent in the following order of decreasing sensitivity; autumn > or = winter/spring > or = summer. At the species level, C. lucasi showed the largest response. The responses observed were greatest in autumn, with decreased abundance at PCP concentrations > or = 24 microg/l. In the other seasons, effects were observed at levels of 54 or 81 microg/l and higher. Ascomorpha ovalis was the most responding rotifer in winter and spring, whereas Anuraeopsis fissa responded more strongly in autumn and summer. The dinoflagellate alga Peridinium sp. had the largest negative response in all but winter, when Dinobryon cylindricum did. Cryptomonas sp. responded positively to PCP in all seasons, increasing in abundance in the highest treatments, possibly due to reduced grazing pressure, reduced competition, or increased decomposition. The plankton community no-observed effect-concentration (NOEC) was 24-36 microg/l PCP. Results reported here suggest that the Australian and New Zealand water quality guideline values for PCP are sufficient to protect plankton communities against adverse effects.( 200481Evaluation Studies; Journal Article United States 15673219 1844-1856x$://000225077600003e"Winder, M. Schindler, D. E.:3Climatic effects on the phenology of lake processesGlobal Change Biology   Populations living in seasonal environments are exposed to systematic changes in physical conditions that restrict the growth and reproduction of many species to only a short time window of the annual cycle. Several studies have shown that climate changes over the latter part of the 20th century affected the phenology and population dynamics of single species. However, the key limitation to forecasting the effects of changing climate on ecosystems lies in understanding how it will affect interactions among species. We investigated the effects of climatic and biotic drivers on physical and biological lake processes, using a historical dataset of 40 years from Lake Washington, USA, and dynamic time-series models to explain changes in the phenological patterns among physical and biological components of pelagic ecosystems. Long-term climate warming and variability because of large-scale climatic patterns like Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and El Nino-southern oscillation (ENSO) extended the duration of the stratification period by 25 days over the last 40 years. This change was due mainly to earlier spring stratification (16 days) and less to later stratification termination in fall (9 days). The phytoplankton spring bloom advanced roughly in parallel to stratification onset and in 2002 it occurred about 19 days earlier than it did in 1962, indicating the tight connection of spring phytoplankton growth to turbulent conditions. In contrast, the timing of the clear-water phase showed high variability and was mainly driven by biotic factors. Among the zooplankton species, the timing of spring peaks in the rotifer Keratella advanced strongly, whereas Leptodiaptomus and Daphnia showed slight or no changes. These changes have generated a growing time lag between the spring phytoplankton peak and zooplankton peak, which can be especially critical for the cladoceran Daphnia. Water temperature, PDO, and food availability affected the timing of the spring peak in zooplankton. Overall, the impact of PDO on the phenological processes were stronger compared with ENSO. Our results highlight that climate affects physical and biological processes differently, which can interrupt energy flow among trophic levels, making ecosystem responses to climate change difficult to forecast. Nov 20041011ISI:000225077600003vpAssimilation of carbon from a rotifer by the mussels Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis: a potential food-web linkXRWong, W. H. Levinton, J. S. Twining, B. S. Fisher, N. S. Kelaher, B. P. Alt, A. K. 2003>7Marine Ecology Progress Series [Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.].i 253,175-182 We tested the hypothesis that mesozooplankton is a potential food source for 2 marine mussels; the temperate blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the tropical and subtropical green mussel Perna viridis. We fed the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to each mussel species at 3 rotifer densities (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ind./ml) and found that each mussel species could significantly reduce the abundance of rotifers. We also labeled rotifers by feeding them super(14)C-labeled phytoplankton. The labeled rotifers were fed to mussels at densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 individuals ml-1, and the assimilation efficiencies were generally higher at higher rotifer densities (59 to 73% for M. edulis and 37 to 73% for P. viridis). After standardization for mass and metabolic requirements, we calculated that rotifers make significant contributions to the mussels' energy budgets, which provides quantitative evidence for a potential trophic link between mesozooplankton and marine benthic bivalves. This study demonstrates that mesozooplankton could have an important role in the transformation of energy between benthic and pelagic systems in coastal areas. Dense populations of bivalves could exert a strong top-down effect on planktonic food webs.>7Using Smart Source Parsing pp. 15 May 0171-8630 English Marine environment; Carbon; Food webs; Plankton; Food availability; Mytilus edulis; Brachionus plicatilis; Perna viridis Blue mussel D 04330 Marine 5727620 1301-13060$://000186030900009 Work, K. A. Havens, K. E.LEZooplankton grazing on bacteria and cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake"Journal of Plankton Research 2003 Octl2510ISI:000186030900009oSequence analysis of rDNA 16S-23S intergenic spacer regions from Brachionus calyciflorus, B. bidentata, B. diversicornis and B. angularis in Lake Donghu, China<5Xi, Yi-Long Chen, Yue-Qin Zhuge, Yan Huang, Xiang-Feii Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica274o July 2003427-430oChineseBiochemistry; Genetics; Evolution; Variation; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; China Brachionus angularis; Brachionus bidentata; Brachionus calyciflorus; Brachionus diversicornis (Rotifera ); Nucleic acids; Sequence analysis; Molecular genetics, rDNA 16S 23S intergenic spacer regions; Biochemical variation; Lake; Hubei; Wuhan; Lake Donghu, rDNA 16S 23S intergenic spacer regions sequence analysis ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotiferse 13911005754i 1635-1644$://000185248000035a*$Balloux, F. Lehmann, L. de Meeus, T.F?The population genetics of clonal and partially clonal diploidsGenetics"The consequence of variable rates of clonal reproduction genetics of neutral markers are explored in diploid organisms within a subdivided population (island model). We use both analytical and stochastic simulation approaches. High rates of clonal reproduction will positively affect heterozygosity. As a consequence, nearby twice as many alleles per locus can be maintained and population differentiation estimated as F-ST value is strongly decreased in purely clonal populations as compared to purely sexual ones. With increasing clonal reproduction, effective populations size first slowly increases and then points toward extreme values when the reproductive system tends toward strict clonality. This reflects the fact that polymorphism is protected within individuals due to fixed heterozygosity. Contrarily, genotypic diversity smoothly decreases with increasing rates of clonal reproduction. Asexual populations thus maintain higher genetic diversity at each single locus but a lower number of different genotypes. Mixed clonal/sexual reproduction is nearly indistinguishable from strict sexual reproduction as long as the proportion of clonal reproduction is not strongly predominant for all quantities investigated, except for genotypic diversities (both at individual loci and over multiple loci). 2003 Auge 164h4hISI:000185248000035^WSequences and phylogeny of partial mitochondrial CO I gene from four Brachionus species2+Bao, Lei Niu, Cui-juan Ma, Rui Li, Qing-fen Zoological Research243 Juns 2003200-204 ChineseeThe partial mitochondrial CO I gene was sequenced from 40 individuals of four Brachionus species. The sequences were compared and their molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by UPGMA, neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods using B. plicatilis as outgroup. The length of sequences was 543 bp, in which frequency of A+ T was 65.3%, and a considerable variation of 157 nucleotide sites (28.9%) was detected. All of three trees suggested that B. quadridentatus is relatively closer to B. urceus than other species, and then to B. leydigi, last to B. calyciflorus. This result is consistent with that of traditional morphological taxonomy.nhSystematics; Biochemistry; Proteins; Genetics; Evolution Brachionus calyciflorus; Brachionus leydigi; Brachionus plicatilis; Brachionus quadridentatus; Brachionus urceus (Rotifera ); Enzymes; Cytochrome oxidase I; Molecular genetics; Cytochrome oxidase I partial gene sequence, phylogenetic implications; Homology; Phylogeny ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13909000312f500-508$://000188415800033oBarnthouse, L. W.rJDQuantifying population recovery rates for ecological risk assessment,&Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryEcological effects of modern agrochemicals are typically limited to brief episodes of increased mortality or reduced growth that are qualitatively similar to natural disturbance regimes. The long-term ecological consequences of agrochemical exposures depend on the intensity and frequency of the exposures relative to the rates of recovery of the exposed populations. This paper explores the feasibility of using readily available life history information to quantify recovery rates of aquatic populations. A simple modeling framework based on the logistic population growth model is used to compare population recovery rates for different types of organisms and to evaluate the influence of life history, initial percent reduction, disturbance frequency, and immigration on the time required for populations to recover from simulated agrochemical exposures. Recovery models are developed for aquatic biota ranging in size and longevity from unicellular algae to fish and turtles. Population growth rates and recovery times derived from life history data are consistent with measured recovery times reported in mesocosm and enclosure experiments, thus supporting the use of the models for quantifying population recovery rates for ecological risk assessment. Feb 2004232ISI:000188415800033 3$D>pond, temporal changes of zooplankton community in relation toPonds Population Population characteristicsPopulation density$Population density, macrophytePopulation dynamicsPopulation geneticsPopulation growthPopulation growth & life@;population growth & life table demography at different prey Population growth patterns@://000223868800014t@9Tomoda, T. Koiso, M. Kuwada, H. Chern, J. N. Takeuchi, T.jDietary value of marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in different population growth stages for larval red seabream Pagrus majorNippon Suisan Gakkaishis"This study assessed the dietary value of rotifers at different culture stages for larvae of red seabream (Pagrus major). Cultures were prepared daily and cultured for up to eight days. Rotifers were taken out of the batch culture and equally enriched with freshwater Chlorella containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The fish larvae were reared in 500-L tanks for 20 days and supplied with enriched rotifers at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, or 8th day of batch culture. Mortality of enriched rotifers was the highest on the 8th day, and their egg production rate, which is a prime index of their physiological status, became low. The larvae fed on those rotifers showed the lowest growth at the 20th day after hatching. Despite the almost equal DHA and EPA levels in rotifers of all groups, the EPA level in fish was the lowest on the 8th day of batch culture. These results show that the dietary value of rotifers was poor during or just before the stationary growth phase of batch culture, in spite of enrichment with DHA and EPA. Jul 2004704ISI:000223868800014146-154$://000229069700014m2+Trzcinski, M. K. Walde, S. J. Taylor, P. D. VPStability of pitcher-plant microfaunal populations depends on food web structure OikosoEnrichment (increasing K) destabilizes simple consumer-resource interactions, but increasing food web complexity in various ways can remove this paradox of enrichment. We varied resources and number of omnivorous predators (mosquitoes) and tested for effects on the stability (persistence and temporal variability) of microfaunal populations living in pitcher plants. Top-down (omnivorous) effects were destabilizing, decreasing the persistence time of a rotifer, Habrotrocha rosa, and perhaps a microflagellate, Bodo sp. Enrichment effects were more complex, in part due to effects of shredding midges on resource availability, and in part due to interactions with predation. The persistence of Bodo increased with resource availability (more bacteria due to shredding by midges; no paradox of enrichment). Increasing resources by adding ants decreased persistence of H. rosa when mosquitoes were rare (paradox of enrichment), but the effect was reversed in leaves with significant colonization by mosquitoes. Thus, in the microfaunal community of pitcher plants, omnivorous predation tends to be destabilizing, and also tends to remove the paradox of enrichment. Jul 2005 1101ISI:000229069700014eties reveals fairly consistent ratios of the numbers of species in the periphytic genera Lecane, Lepadella and Trichocerca, indicating that there may be assembly rules for communities of tropical periphytic rotifers.Associations; Ecology; Habitat; Semiaquatic habitat; Land and freshwater zones; Ethiopian region Rotifera; Associations; Community structure; Swamp; Botswana; Okavango Delta; Associations of planktonic & periphytic taxa, tropical swamp ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifersw 13908001944e atographic techniquesInfluences of dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA on body concentrations of 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the larvae of a marine teleost fish from Australian waters, the striped trumpeter (Latris lineata)tmBransden, M. P. Dunstan, G. A. Battaglene, S. C. Cobcroft, J. M. Morehead, D. T. Kolkovski, S. Nichols, P. D.'Marine Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute and Aquafin Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Matthew.Bransden@utas.edu.au$Lipids, 2004 Mar, 39(3):215-22 0024-4201RKAnimals; Emulsions: chemistry; Fatty Acids, Omega-3: analysis; *Fatty Acids, Omega-3: metabolism; *Fatty Acids, Omega-3: pharmacology; Larva: chemistry; Larva: drug effects; Oceans and Seas; *Perciformes: growth & development; *Perciformes: metabolism; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Rotifera: chemistry; Tissue DistributionWe determined the effect of dietary long-chain (> or = C20) PUFA (LC-PUFA), 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, on larval striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) biochemistry through early development and during live feeding with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Rotifers were enriched using seven experimental emulsions formulated with increasing concentrations of n-3 LC-PUFA, mainly 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Enriched rotifer n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations ranged from 10-30 mg/g dry matter. Enriched rotifers were fed to striped trumpeter larvae from 5 to 18 d post-hatch (dph) in a short-term experiment to minimize gross deficiency symptoms such as poor survival that could confound results. No relationships were observed between larval growth or survival with dietary n-3 LC-PUFA at 18 dph. The larval FA profiles generally reflected those of the rotifer diet, and significant positive regressions were observed between most dietary and larval FA at 10, 14, and 18 dph. The major exception observed was an inverse relationship between dietary and larval 22:5n-3. The presence of 22:5n-3 in elevated amounts when dietary 22:6n-3 was depressed suggests that elongation of 20:5n-3 may be occurring in an attempt to raise body concentrations of 22:6n-3. We hypothesize that accumulation of 22:5n-3 might be an early indicator of 22:6n-3 deficiency in larval fish that precedes a reduction in growth or survival. A possible role of 22:5n-3 as a biochemical surrogate for 22:6n-3 is discussed.N 2004$Journal Article United Statest15233399RP165-172$://000221460500006p"Michaloudi, E. Kostecka, M.l60Zooplankton of Lake Koroneia (Macedonia, Greece)BiologiaTwenty four species (19 Rotifera, 4 Cladocera, 1 Copepoda) were recorded in the. zooplankton of Lake Koroneia from June 1999 to June 2000. The dominant species were the Cladocera Daphnia magna and the rotifers Brachionus dimidiatus and B. rubens. Total abundance ranged from 13 to 32,426 ind. L-1 and its seasonal dynamics resembled those of hypertrophic lakes, but attaining much higher numbers due to the absence of predation pressure from fish. Rotifers prevailed (up to 100%) during the warm months (June-October) and their seasonal dynamics were governed by temperature and the presence of large Daphnia individuals. Cladocera were absent during the slimmer due to high pH values (9.32-11.10) and/or the composition of the phytoplankton community where Anabaenopsis milleri prevailed. Mar 2004592ISI:000221460500006 44-52$://000228623100004 B://000222032100012svpHjelm, M. Bergh, O. Riaza, A. Nielsen, J. Melchiorsen, J. Jensen, S. Duncan, H. Ahrens, P. Birkbeck, H. Gram, L.Selection and identification of autochthonous potential probiotic bacteria from turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus) rearing units*#Systematic and Applied Microbiologyn The purpose of this study was to select, identify and characterise bacteria as a disease control measure in the rearing of marine fish larvae (turbot, Scophthalmus maximus). Thirty-four out of 400 marine bacterial strains exhibited in vitro anti-bacterial activity against three fish larval pathogens. Two strains originated from culture collections and thirty two strains were isolated directly from turbot larvae rearing units using a pre-selection procedure to facilitate detection of antagonists. Approximately 8,500 colonies from colony-count plates were replica-plated on agar seeded with Vibrio anguillarum, and 196 of them caused zones of clearing in the V. anguillarum agar layer. Of these, 32 strains exhibited reproducible antibacterial properties in vitro when tested against the fish pathogens V anguillarum 90-11-287,V splendidus DMC-1 and a Pseudoalteromonas HQ. Seventeen antagonists were identified as Vibrio spp. and four of twelve tested were lethal to yolk-sac larvae. The 15 remaining strains were identified as Roseobacter spp. based on phenotypic criteria and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of two strains representing the two major RAPD groups. Most of the remaining 164 strains selected in the initial replica plating were identified as Vibrionaceae or Pseudoalteromonas. Roseobacter spp. were not lethal to egg yolk sac turbot larvae and in two of three trials, the mortality of larvae decreased (p > 0.001) in treatments where 10(7) cfu/ml Roseobacter sp. strain 27-4 was added, indicating a probiotic potential. May  2004273aISI:000222032100012c 'vE`Habitat improvementHabitat selection habitat typesHabitat utilization,&habitats of contrasting trophic status("Habrotrocha constricta (Rotifera )Halicryptus spinulosus Han River Hatcheries Hatching havanaensisHeavy Heliodiaptomus (Calanoida )$!Heliodiaptomus Kiefer (Calanoida) HeliozoaHeliozoa (Heliozoea ) Helminths$Helminths: anatomy & histology$Helminths: growth & development HerbicidesHerbicides: analysisHerbicides: toxicity Herbivores Herbivory HerringsHeterocope saliens Heterodontaheterotroph biomass Heterotrophic nanoflagellatesHeterotrophic organisms Heterotrophs Hexarthra fennica (Rotifera )$Highly unsaturated fatty acids historyhistory variablesHolopedium gibberum Homology Honshu Hope BayHorizontal distribution host selection & reproduction4.host selection, reproduction & effect on hostsHostsHubeiHuman Human impact Hydrate Ridge hydrates Hydrobiology hydrocarbons Hydrogen Ion Concentration Hydrology HypolimnionIIceIchthyoplanktonIctalurus punctatusIdentification$ Immunology and repair mechanisms Impact of@:Impact of perfluorooctanoic acid on freshwater zooplankton Impact on<7Impact on freshwater zooplankton, microcosm experimentsImpact on habitat(%Impact on population growth patterns,D>Impact on population growth patterns, implications for aquatic($impact on river plankton communities<6impact on river plankton communities, simulation model($implications for aquatic communities4.implications for lipids use as trophic markersImplications of impact on Implications of morphological<9in plankton phytoplankton vertical distribution & spatial In Situ(#In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence In Situ TestsIndiaIndia, Yamuna R.Indicator species$indicator, psammolittoral zone indicatorsinduction by crowding0+Induction by density depedent chemical cue,Industrial pollutionIndustrial wastesindustry wastes INE, Pacific, Hydrate RidgeINE, USA, Oregoninfluencing factorsInformation handling IngestionIngestion rate Inhibitors InquilinismInsect predators Insecta Insecticides Insectsinstrumentation instruments IntegumentIntegumentary glands interactionsinteractions: general($interactions: parasites and diseases$ International Code of Zoological Interspecific relationshipsInterstitial environmentInterstitial habitat IntertidalIntestinal protozoaIntroduced species Introns Invertebrata InvertebratesInvertebrates: geneticsIonIon and water relations@=irradiation effects on grazing rate & digestive efficiency inD?irradiation effects on grazing, ingestion & incorporation ratesDAirradiation of prey effects on predatory grazing rate & digestion Isahaya Bay Ishikawa Island Islands IsochrysisIsochrysis galbana Isotopes IsraelIsrael, Kinneret L.Italy Ivory Coast J 02905 WaterJapanJaws apparatusK K 03009 AlgaeK 03012 Protozoa K 03044 AlgaeK 03063 Effects of4.K 03063 Effects of physical & chemical factors K 03068 AlgaeK 03099 Pollution K 03100 Miscellaneous topics Kahoku gataKellicottia longispinaKenya, Victoria L. Keratella0,Keratella Bory de St Vincent 1822 (Rotifera)Keratella cochlearis$Keratella cochlearis (Rotifera)Key Key toKey to familiesKey to families & orders Key to generaKey to genera & species Key to ordersKey to speciesKey to subfamiliesKey to subgeneraKey to subspecieskhorsKlinsko Dmitrovsk Uplands Kongsfjorden catchment lakes0*Kongsfjorden catchment lakes, mixotrophy & Kuruma/NFH^%CLLMOSS88!GUNNNW^_bc99##555BB6nn`JJJ 1prt ((uH{{wwY[}XXX/|~@00d >>AD,o4e"CCLLf$N^^b996K?k rtY[}~@dAoe.245-254$://000223915900026o0)Nandini, S. Mayeli, S. M. Sarma, S. S. S.F@Effect of stress on the life-table demography of Moina macrocopa Hydrobiologia>7We quantified the life history variables of M. macrocopa subjected to different treatments such as high temperature, epizoic infestation by the rotifer Brachionus rubens, per2+Dwarf male of Symbion pandora (cycliophora)Obst, M. Funch, P. 2003Journal of morphology  255;3  261-78This study clarifies the identity and development of the male in the life cycle of Symbion pandora. The male is not produced directly by the feeding stage, as previously thought, but arises as a distinct individual from budding cells inside an intermediate stage named the Prometheus larva. The morphology and the development of the two distinct stages are described with light and electron microscopy. Furthermore, the following terminology is suggested to clearly distinguish between the different individuals: 1) the Prometheus larva, which is the free-swimming individual being produced inside the feeding stage; 2) the attached Prometheus larva on the feeding stage, which mostly degenerates following settlement, except for the internal budding cells; and 3) the dwarf male, which is the ciliated, sexually mature stage. The budding cells inside the attached Prometheus larva usually develop two internal dwarf males. Each dwarf male is heavily ciliated and has a well-developed nervous system with a relatively large brain, numerous gland and muscle cells, testis with bundles of sperm, and one penial structure. The male lacks a gut, as in the other free stages in the life cycle of Symbion pandora. This study also indicates that the dwarf male is freed from the attached Prometheus larva. Copulation, which has not been observed yet, probably takes place between a free-swimming male and the female, either while the female is released or afterwards. (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)60Using Smart Source Parsing Mar 0362-2525 EnglishAnimal; Cilia: ultrastructure; Helminths: anatomy & histology; Helminths: growth & development; Larva: anatomy & histology; Larva: growth & development; Larva: ultrastructure; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Muscles: ultrastructure; Nervous System: anatomy & histology; Penis: anatomy & histology; Prostate: anatomy & histology; Rotifera: anatomy & histology; Rotifera: growth & development; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Testis: anatomy & histology12520546,egration of Water Physicochemistry, Algal Bioassays, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton for Ecotoxicological Assessment in a Highly Polluted Lowland Riverf_Olguin, H. F. Puig, A. Loez, C. R. Salibian, A. Topalian, M. L. Castane, P. M. Rovedatti, M. G.'Disinfection efficacy on cyst viability of Artemia franciscana (Crustacea), Hexarthra fennica (Rotifera) and Fabrea salina (Ciliophora)tPati, A. C. Belmonte, G.Marine Biology 142i5t May 2003895-904dBerlin EnglishResting stages (cysts) of Artemia franciscana, Hexarthra fennica and Fabrea salina were exposed for two periods (acute and chronic exposures) to different concentrations of five aquaculture disinfectants (formalin, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, organic iodine, copper sulphate). The effects of chemical treatments were ranked according to their action on cyst hatching: total inhibition (no cyst hatching), heavy inhibition (significant decrease of cyst hatching), alteration of hatching synchrony, and occurrence of anomalous hatching (death of emerging individuals or birth of malformed organisms). Resting-stage viability was not completely impaired by disinfectant exposures at the ordinary doses used in aquaculture, so that usual treatments are possibly ineffective against the protist and metazoan cysts potentially present in breeding systems. On the other hand, the high resistance shown by cysts suggests the possibility of using these chemicals in live-feed disinfection.dLife cycle and development; Abiotic factors Fabrea salina (Heterotrichida ); Hexarthra fennica (Rotifera ); Artemia franciscana (Anostraca ); Development; Cyst viability; Chemical disinfectant exposure effects; Chemical factors; Aquaculture disinfectants ...Heterotrichida; Spirotrichia; Polyhymenophorea; Ciliophora; Protozoa ...Rotifera ...Anostraca; Branchiopoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifers 13908004004523-536$://000186639400003"Paukert, C. P. Willis, D. W.b\Aquatic invertebrate assemblages in shallow prairie lakes: Fish and environmental influences$Journal of Freshwater Ecology We sampled zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in 30 shallow natural lakes to determine the effects of the environment (i.e., habitat and fish abundance) on invertebrates. Zooplankters were identified to genus, and up to 120 individuals per genus were measured. Macroinvertebrates were identified to order, class, or family. Fish communities were also sampled. Relative abundances of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates were low at increased chlorophyll a concentrations, although mean zooplankton length increased with total phosphorus, possibly because of an increased proportion of microzooplankton (rotifers and copepod nauplii) at higher phosphorus levels. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that zooplankton and macroinvertebrate abundance was influenced by submersed vegetation coverage, whereas zooplankton abundance and size structure were also related to productivity (i.e., chlorophyll a and total phosphorus). However, relative abundance of fish species or fish feeding guilds was not strongly correlated with zooplankton or macroinvertebrate abundance or zooplankton size structure. Physical habitat (e.g., vegetation coverage) may exert substantial influences on invertebrate assemblages in these lakes, possibly providing a refuge from fish predation.c 2003 Decp184nISI:000186639400003Oo 80 m. Organic matter averaged 257 g C/m2, and totaled 1,388 kg organic C on the soil around the pond. Soil-moisture content (0.56-12.41%) decreased with distance from shore, whereas pH (7.8-10.8) increased with distance. Electrical conductivity was lowest in the soils <10 m from the pond (416[plus or minus]94 [mu]S/cm). Mineral soil organic C and total N concentrations were greatest between 10 and 30 m from the edge of the pond (1.21[plus or minus]0.37 and 0.13[plus or minus]0.05 mg/g soil, respectively). Soil invertebrates were present in only 50% of samples and included tardigrades, rotifers, and two nematodes, Scottnema lindsayae and Plectus antarcticus. A non-parametric, discriminant function analysis based on soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and electrical conductivity correctly predicted 87.0% of sites that had invertebrates and 70.8% of sites for which invertebrates were absent. Tardigrades, rotifers, and P. antarcticus were found only in the wettest soils nearest the pond whereas S. lindsayae was restricted to drier soils further from shore. Other ponds and streams also showed substantial accumulations of organic matter, suggesting that upland wetlands serve as resource islands in these polar deserts that provide a source of organic matter to nearby soils.Ecology; Habitat; Terrestrial habitat; Land and freshwater zones Invertebrata; Community structure; Semiaquatic habitat, soil; Soil habitat; Antarctic region; Antarctica; South Victoria Land; Upland wetlands Invertebrateso 13912002438.6PEffects of temperature on life history strategies of three strains of Brachionus angularis Gosse(!Hu, Haoyuan Xi, Yilong Geng, Hong 'd^College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China:3Acta hydrobiologica sinica/Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao4-Acta Hydrobiol. Sin./Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao283284-288 1000-3207By population accumulativef`Effects of temperature on life history strategies of three strains of Brachionus angularis Gosse(!Hu, Haoyuan Xi, Yilong Geng, Hong 'd^College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China:3Acta hydrobiologica sinica/Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao4-Acta Hydrobiol. Sin./Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao283284-288 1000-3207By population accumulative culture, Chlorella pyrenoidosa (at 6.0 x 10 super(6) cells/mL) as the rotifer's food, the effects of temperature on the population growth, body size, and egg size of three different strains of B. angularis, respectively from Qingdao, Guangzhou and Wuhu cities, were studies at 20 degree C, 25 degree C and 30 degree C. The results showed that temperature affected the population growth rate, body size, and egg size significantly. The optimum temperature of population growth QD strain was 30 degree C, and that of GZ strain was 25 degree C; WH strain had 100% mortality at 30 degree C. The relationships between temperature and population growth rate of both QD and GZ strain were curvilinear. 2004<52004. Physical medium: Printed matter Journal ArticleAquatic organisms; Food organisms; Aquaculture; Temperature effects; Life history; Population dynamics; Biomass; Growth rate; Body size; Dimensions; Eggs; Brachionus angularis; Rotifera; China, People's Rep., Shandong Prov., Qingdao; China, People's Rep., Guangdong Prov., Guangzhou; China, People's Rep., Anhui Prov., Wuhu Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Freshwater Q1 01422 Environmental effectsc6050917A,@h 2088-2093.$://000223824300004 "Kneitel, J. M. Chase, J. M.\VDisturbance, predator, and resource interactions alter container community compositionEcologyihaSpecies diversity at the local-community scale can be altered by numerous factors, including disturbances, predators, and resource levels. Intermediate levels of these three factors are predicted to enhance coexistence and diversity. However, no study has examined how these factors may interact to alter community composition. The protozoan and rotifer community that colonized containers set in a forest was used to examine the interactions between these local community processes. We conducted a fully factorial microcosm experiment that manipulated disturbance frequency, predator density, and resource levels to examine protozoan and rotifer richness, community composition, and species abundance. Species richness was significantly altered by disturbances and predators, while predator densities interacted with disturbances and resources. Total abundance was significantly affected by each treatment, as well as a disturbance and predator interaction. We found that community composition was altered by each of the treatments and their interactions, indicating that different groups of species were present depending on the treatments. These results indicate that strong species sorting occurs in this community. Understanding these factors alone and in concert can provide insight to the potential complexities that underlie community structure and species composition. Aug 2004858ISI:000223824300004 1078-1080y$://000186536500030Kotani, T. Hagiwara, A.e\UFertilization between rotifer Brachionus plicatilis strains at different temperaturesnFisheries Sciencel 2003 OctB695lISI:000186536500030iMusculature of an illoricate predatory rotifer Asplanchnopus multiceps as revealed by phalloidin fluorescence and confocal microscopynB;Kotikova, E. A. Raikova, O. I. Reuter, M. Gustafsson, M. K.d'\VZoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St-Petersburg, Russia.,%Tissue & cell, 2004 Jun, 36(3):189-95 0040-8166>7Animals; Feeding Behavior: psychology; Locomotion: physiology; Microscopy, Confocal; *Microscopy, Fluorescence: methods; *Muscles: cytology; *Muscles: physiology; *Phalloidine: analysis; Phalloidine: chemistry; Predatory Behavior; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; *Rotifera: cytology; *Rotifera: physiologyPJThe pattern of muscles in the actively swimming predatory rotifer Asplanchnopus multiceps is revealed by staining with tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labelled phalloidin and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The major components of the musculature are: prominent semicircular muscles of the corona; paired lateral, dorsal and ventral retractors in the trunk; a network of six seemingly complete circular muscles and anastomosing longitudinal muscles in the trunk; two short foot retractors, originating from a transverse muscle in the lower third of the trunk. The sphincter of the corona marks the boundary between the head and the trunk. The muscular patterns in rotifers with different lifestyles differ clearly, therefore, the muscular patterns seem to be determined by the mode of locomotion and feeding behaviour. 2004Journal Article Scotland15140596F Theorem255-265$://000223915900027 4.Mangas-Ramirez, E. Sarma, S. S. S. Nandini, S.Recovery patterns of Moina macrocopa exposed previously to different concentrations of cadmium and methyl parathion: life-table demography and population growth studies HydrobiologiaaIn most toxicity studies using Cladocera, bioassays are routinely done to determine median lethal concentration (LC50) or the responses to sublethal exposure. However, information on the patterns of recovery of cladocerans exposed to different concentrations of toxicants is scarce. This is important because cladocerans exposed to toxicants for a short duration may later recuperate under favourable conditions. Using the life table demographic and population growth, the present study was conducted to evaluate the recovery patterns of Monia macrocopa exposed to five different concentrations ( 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of 24 h LC50 for CdCl2 or methyl parathion) and then returned to toxicant-free medium containing alga ( Chlorella vulgaris) at low (0.25 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)), medium (0.5 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) or high ( 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) levels. We measured selected life history variables such as average lifespan, life expectancy at birth, gross and net reproductive rates, generation time and the rate of population increase. Results indicated that regardless of food concentration, surviving individuals of M. macrocopa exposed to a median lethal concentration did not recover. The effect of food level was significant at 25 and 50% of the median lethal concentration for cadmium or methyl parathion. Age-specific fecundity curves showed that exposure to either toxicant for a duration as short as 24 h at one-fourth of the LC50 showed reduced output of offspring, especially at a lower food level. At and above exposures of 0.037 mg l(-1) of methyl parathion, no reproduction occurred. The highest gross and net reproductive rates ( 127 and 55 offspring female(-1)) were obtained in controls at the high ( 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) algal food level. The rate of population increase obtained from life table data was around 0.7 per day in controls but decreased when exposed to toxicant concentrations. The rates of population increase per day derived from population growth data varied from 0.22 to 0.33 per day for the controls, depending on the food levels. Sepe 2004 526 1o Sp. Iss. SIoISI:000223915900027t7 vABekleyen, Aysela 2003LEA taxonomical study on the zooplankton of Goksu dam lake (Diyarbakir)} Turkish Journal of Zoology  27e2} 95-100 139080004100Ecology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Rotifera; Cladocera; Copepoda; Community structure; Distribution within habitat; Seasonal occurrence; Reservoir; Turkey; Diyarbakir; Goksu Dam Lake; Zooplankton faunal survey Monommata arndti (Rotifera); Turkey; Diyarbakir; Goksu Dam Lake; New record ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; RotifersXRThe zooplanktonic fauna of Goksu dam lake was taxonomically investigated between April 1995 and December 1996. As a result, 16 species of cladocerans, three species of copepods and 28 species of rotifers, a total of 47 species, were identified in the lake. Of these, Monommata arndti (Rotifera) is a new record for Turkey's inland waters. English 73-80$://000225019200010rBelgis, C. Persoone, G.ld]Cyst-based toxicity tests XVII - Prefeeding advantages in short-chronic rotifer microbiotests,&Ecotoxicology and Environmental SafetyAttempts were made to overcome too-low reproductive output in the 48-h short-chronic microbiotest with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus fed with microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) from algal beads older than 4 months (Chemosphere 50 (2002a) 365). Prefeeding of freshly hatched rotifers prior to the start of the actual growth experiments resulted in a satisfactory reproduction (i.e., an intrinsic growth rate r > 0.65), even with subsequent feeding of the rotifers with microalgae from beads stored up to 1 year. Rotirich is an attractive alternative inert food compared with the mixture of microalgae and Spirulina, originally used to prefeed the rotifers. When the rotifers were prefed for 2 h with 30 mug/mL Rotirich, it was then not necessary to add Spirulina to the microalgal food from beads. The above findings are a substantial simplification of the testing procedure of the new short-chronic "culture/ maintenance-free" Rotoxkit microbiotest. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Jan 2005601ISI:000225019200010:4Benthic recruitment of zooplankton in an acidic lake(!Bell, Elanor M. Weithoff, Guntrams82Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology285-286o Special Issueu12 2003205-219mEnglish In recent years, most studies of the benthic microbial food web have either been descriptive or were restricted to the measurement of within sediment process rates. Little is known about benthic-pelagic coupling processes such as recruitment. We, therefore, developed an ex situ core incubation procedure to quantify the potential for microbial recruitment from the benthos to the pelagic in an acidic mining lake, Mining Lake 111 (ML 111; pH 2.6), in eastern Germany. Our data suggest that considerable zooplankton recruitment from the benthos takes place. Heliozoan and rhizopod recruitment in both summer and winter sediment cores was highest when they were incubated at 20 [degree]C. Maximum heliozoan recruitment was 23 ([plus or minus] 9 S.E.) individuals cm-2 day-1 (40% initial standing stock daily) in the winter 20 [degree]C incubation. Maximum rhizopod recruitment was 6 ([plus or minus] 2 S.E.) individuals cm-2 day-1 in the summer 20 [degree]C incubation. Little or no recruitment was apparent for either taxa when winter cores were incubated at 5 [degree]C, implying a temperature cue. Conversely, the rotifer, Cephalodella hoodi, exhibited a maximum recruitment of 6 ([plus or minus] 2 S.E.) individuals cm-2 day-1 during the winter 5 [degree]C incubation, representing 30% of initial standing stock daily, but little recruitment when incubated at 20 [degree]C. Cephalodella may have responded to an increased winter benthic food supply; in situ winter Chl a concentrations in the benthos were 3.4 times higher than those in the summer. The importance of this was reinforced by the poor pelagic food supply available in ML 111. In situ, Heliozoa, rhizopods and Cephalodella were first observed in the epilimnion of ML 111 in spring or early summer, suggesting active or passive recruitment following lateral transport from littoral sediments. Benthic-pelagic coupling via recruitment is potentially important in understanding the pelagic food web in ML 111 and warrants further investigation in this and other aquatic environments.tnEcology; Trophic structure; Population dynamics; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Abiotic factors; Physical factors; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Rhizopoda; Heliozoa (Heliozoea ); Cephalodella hoodi (Rotifera ); Food webs; Recruitment; Distribution within habitat; Habitat utilization; Lake; Temperature; Germany; East; Mining Lake; Benthic pelagic recruitment, influencing factors & significance in food web, acidic lake ...Rhizopoda; Sarcodina; Sarcomastigophora; Protozoa ...Heliozoea; Actinopoda; Sarcodina; Sarcomastigophora; Protozoa ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifers 13905000447t when they were incubated at 20 [degree]C. Maximum heliozoan recruitment was 23 ([plus or minus] 9 S.E.) individuals cm-2 day-1 (40% initial standing stock daily) in the winter 20 [degree]C incubation. Maximum rhizopod recruitment was 6 ([plus or minus] 2 S.E.) individuals cm-2 day-1 in the summer 20 [degree]C incubation. Little or no recruitment was apparent for either taxa when winter cores were incubated at 5 [degree]C, implying a temperature cue. Conversely, the rotifer, Cephalodella hoodi, exhibited a maximum recruitment of 6 ([plus or minus] 2 S.E.) individuals cm-2 day-1 during the winter 5 [degree]C incubation, representing 30% of initial standing stock daily, but little recruitment when incubated at 20 [degree]C. Cephalodella may have responded to an increased winter benthic food supply; in situ winter Chl a concentrations in the benthos were 3.4 times higher than those in the summer. The importance of this was reinforced by the poor pelagic food supply available in ML 111. In situ, Heliozoa, rhizopods and Cephalodella were first observed in the epilimnion of ML 111 in spring or early summer, suggesting active or passive recruitment following lateral transport from littoral sediments. Benthic-pelagic coupling via recruitment is potentially important in understanding the pelagic food web in ML 111 and warrants further investigation in this and other aquatic environments.tnEcology; Trophic structure; Population dynamics; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Abiotic factors; Physical factors; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Rhizopoda; Heliozoa (Heliozoea ); Cephalodella hoodi (Rotifera ); Food webs; Recruitment; Distribution within habitat; Habitat utilization; Lake; Temperature; Germany; East; Mining Lake; Benthic pelagic recruitment, influencing factors & significance in food web, acidic lake ...Rhizopoda; Sarcodina; Sarcomastigophora; Protozoa ...Heliozoea; Actinopoda; Sarcodina; Sarcomastigophora; Protozoa ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifers 13905000447o 8ngPrecopulatory mate guarding and mating behaviour in the rotifer Epiphanes senta (Monogononta: Rotifera) Schroder, T. 2003PIProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences 270. 15271965-70Epiphanes senta is a littoral rotifer species that occurs in temporary waters and displays a mating behaviour which has not, to my knowledge, so far been described for monogonont rotifers. Monogonont rotifers show distinctive periods within their life cycle during which mictic females appear. Mictic females produce haploid eggs that develop into males or into diapausing eggs if fertilized. The females of E. senta are mostly stationary on the substrate while males are more active swimmers. If they encounter eggs with female embryos of their own species, they attend them and mate with the hatching female. Experiments showed that males are able to discriminate between male, female and diapausing eggs. They exhibit a strong preference for female eggs that are only a few hours away from hatching compared with eggs in early developmental stages. Further experiments did not show any significant differences in male attendance of mictic and amictic eggs. It is hypothesized that males judge the age of a female egg by sensing a chemical that is produced by the growing embryo and diffuses through the egg shell. The male mating behaviour is similar to precopulatory mate guarding known from arthropods but it lacks the monopolization of the female by the male.f:3Using Smart Source Parsing Sep 22 0962-8452 EnglishoAnalysis of Variance; Animal; Female; Fertility: physiology; Germany; Male; Nesting Behavior: physiology; Ovum: physiology; Rotifera: physiology; Sex Behavior, Animal: physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't14561311Transgenerational plasticity for sexual reproduction and diapause in the life cycle of monogonont rotifers: intraclonal, intraspecific and interspecific variation in the response to crowding"Schroeder, T. Gilbert, J. J.'$[mailto:th.schroeder@gmx.net]Functional Ecology Funct. Ecol.183458-466 Jun 0269-8463 In monogonont rotifers parthenogenetic reproduction allows population growth, and mictic (sexual) reproduction leads to the production of diapausing eggs. When amictic females are exposed to a mixis stimulus, they produce mictic daughters, whose eggs develop into males or, if fertilized, into diapausing eggs. Experiments showed that mictic offspring production is initiated by crowding in females of Brachionus angularis Gosse 1851, Epiphanes senta (O.F. Mueller 1773) and Rhinoglena frontalis Ehrenberg 1853, just as it is in Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas 1766 and B. plicatilis Mueller 1786. In B. calyciflorus, B. angularis, E. senta and R. frontalis, the propensity of amictic females to respond to crowding by producing mictic female offspring is low in the stem female hatching from a diapausing egg, but then increases after some generations. In many cases, only few mictic offspring are produced by crowded females of the second to the fifth generation, but the maximal response occurs only in later generations. Delayed sexual reproduction in early generations from the resting egg may be advantageous, because it first favours rapid population growth and later on maximizes resting egg production. However, it may be disadvantageous, if unpredictable environmental variation causes a population decline when sexual reproduction is still suppressed. The extent to which sexual reproduction is delayed varies among and within species. When strains from populations in temporary and permanent habitats were compared, sexual reproduction was significantly delayed in strains from temporary habitats in all species, whereas in B. calyciflorus and R. frontalis mixis was not significantly delayed in strains from permanent habitats. In E. senta mixis was significantly delayed in clones from both habitat types. Within all strains there was significant variation among clones in the propensity to produce mictic offspring, the extent to which sexual reproduction was delayed in the first generations after the stem female hatched, or both. 2004,%Blackwell Science Ltd Journal Article{Plasticity; Life cycle; Sexual reproduction; Diapause; Rotifera Rotifers; Wheel animalcules D 04655 Invertebrates - general5947040516-521$://000186558900004Segers, H. Shiel, R. J.0`YMicrofaunal diversity in a biodiversity hotspot: New rotifers from southwestern AustraliaZoological StudiesMicrofaunal diversity in a biodiversity hotspot: new rotifers from southwestern Australia. Zoological Studies 42(4): 516-521. We present the descriptions of 3 new and apparently endemic species of rotifer (Rotifera: Monogononta: Lecanidae, Trichocercidae). Lecane halsei sp. nov. belongs to the L. ludwigii (Eckstein)-group, and is diagnosed by the absence of a posterior projection on the lorica. The taxonomy of the L. ludwigii-group is commented upon, Lecane noobijupi sp. nov. is a sister taxon of the common, cosmopolitan L. bulla (Gosse), whereas Trichocerca wanarra sp. nov. is close to T. insignis (Herrick), T. myersi (Hauer), and T. plaka (Myers), but the trophi are characteristic. The 3 new species illustrate the diversity of the freshwater microfauna in southwestern Australia, and the need for a thorough taxonomic approach to biodiversity inventories of cryptic microfaunal groups. 2003 Oct424ISI:000186558900004ot, for example through the stochastic loss of most lineages within the superfamily after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. In this case, the difference in rate would have occurred independently from any effects of asexual reproduction.Biochemistry; Reproduction; Genetics; Evolution Ostracoda; Nucleic acids; Reproduction; Molecular genetics; Evolutionary rate; Molecular evolution rates related to mode of reproduction ...Ostracoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates 13907004697 R248-256$://000185560900003&Kuczynska-Kippen, N. Cerbin, S.tb[Diurnal changes in horizontal distribution of rotifers and crustaceans of a polymictic lakeeEkologia-BratislavaA study on the horizontal distribution of rotifers (Rotifera) and crustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) was conducted in Lake Budzynskic, located in Wiclkopolski National Park, Poland. Zooplankton was sampled six times within 24 hours (31 August-1 September, 1996) from five stations. These were located in a zone of rushes, two zones of submerged macrophytes (Chary and Myriophyllum) and two areas of free water between the vegetation beds. It was observed that the diurnal horizontal distribution of particular groups of zooplankton differs, mostly depending on the particular species of macrophyte. The highest numbers of both rotifers and crustaceans were recorded for the Myriophyllum verticillatum zone, irrespective of the time of the day.  2003223cISI:000185560900003aEffects of Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) predation on the population growth patterns of different prey species Kumar, Ram$Journal of Freshwater Ecologyl183a Septemberv 2003383-393iEnglishhrlThe omnivorous cyclopoid copepod, Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides, perennially found in many lakes and ponds of Delhi, preys on a variety of zooplankton species ranging from protozoans to crustaceans, but its impact on the population dynamics of the prey is variable. I studied in the laboratory the population growth patterns of selected prey species of different taxa- ciliates (Stylonychia notophora, Paramecium caudatum and Pseudourostyla levis), rotifers (Brachionus angularis, B. rubens and B. calyciflorus), and cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina macrocopa, and Daphnia similoides) in the presence and in the absence of M. thermocyclopoides. I used the intrinsic rate of natural increase of the prey and a predator impact index to assess the impact of cyclopoid predation. The predator impact was significantly higher on protozoans and cladocerans than on rotifers. The most adversely affected species were C. cornuta, P. caudatum and B. calyciflorus, and the least affected were D. similoides, B. angularis and P. levis. The mortality imposed by the copepod was significantly less (or no mortality) on the seventh day than on the third day in each case. My laboratory studies suggest that the differential impact of predation by M. thermocyclopoides may be one of the determinants of zooplankton community structure in shallow, eutrophic subtropical and tropical water bodies.Nutrition; Diet; Prey; Ecology; Predators; Habitat; Land and freshwater zones; Oriental region; India Ciliophora; Cladocera; Population dynamics; Population growth patterns; Crustacean predators; Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides; Impact on population growth patterns, implications for aquatic communities Rotifera; Population dynamics; Population growth patterns; Predator impact; Crustacean predators; Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides; Impact on population growth patterns, implications for aquatic communities Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides (Cyclopoida); Crustacean prey; Cladocera; Protozoan prey; Ciliophora; Rotiferan prey; Impact on population growth patterns, implications for role in aquatic communities; Freshwater habitat; Delhi; Implications of impact on prey population growth patterns ...Ciliophora; Protozoa ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Cyclopoida; Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifers 139120019095C VB Hf`Factors controlling long-term changes of the eutrophicated ecosystem of Paernu Bay, Gulf of RigaF?Kotta, J. Simm, M. Kotta, I. Kanosina, I. Kallaste, K. Raid, T.i'VPEstonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Marja 4d, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia Hydrobiologia Hydrobiologia 514 1-3259-268 Feb 0018-8158Phytoplankton, mesozooplankton, mysids and fish larvae were studied during 15-29 annual cycles measured weekly to monthly in Paernu Bay, the Gulf of Riga. The monthly variability of the biological data was related to temperature, ice conditions, salinity, influx of nutrients, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, cloudiness and solar activity. Phytoplankton development was mainly a function of the NAO index. For the whole study period the abundance of zooplankton increased with increasing water temperature and solar activity. Significant correlations between phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were found until 1990. After the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi in 1991, the zooplankton community was likely to be regulated by the introduced species rather than phytoplankton dynamics. The increased abundances of rotifers and copepods triggered the increase in mysid densities. The development of herring larvae was positively affected by the high density of copepods and rotifers but also by increased eutrophication. Until 1990 there was no significant relationship between the density of zooplankton and herring larvae. A negative relationship between the density of zooplankton and herring larvae in the 1990s suggests that the major shift in zooplankton community resulted in food limitation for herring larvae. The results indicated that (1) atmospheric processes in the northern Atlantic explain a large part of the interannual variation of the local phytoplankton stock, (2) trophic interactions control the development of pelagic communities at higher trophic levels, and (3) the introduction of an effective intermediate predator has repercussions for the whole pelagic food web in Paernu Bay. 20040*Kluwer Academic Publishers Journal ArticlePhytoplankton; Zooplankton; Salinity effects; Temperature effects; Nutrients; Grazing; Predation; Ichthyoplankton; Abundance; Development; Community composition; Environmental conditions; Eutrophic environments; Long-term changes; Eutrophication; Fish larvae; Introduced species; Light effects; Food webs; Trophic relationships; Nutrients (mineral); Pollution effects; Environmental factors; Cercopagis pengoi; Rotifera; Copepoda; Mysidacea; Clupeidae; Riga Gulf, Paernu Bay; Baltic Sea; AN, North Atlantic, North Atlantic Oscillation; ANE, Baltic Sea, Riga Gulf; ANE, Estonia, Paernu Bay Fishook water flea; Rotifers; Wheel animalcules; Copepods; Herrings; Opossom shrimps K 03009 Algae; D 04803 Pollution effects; Q1 01461 Plankton; O 1070 Ecology/Community Studies; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; Q1 01422 Environmental effects; Q1 01483 Species interactions: general; O 1030 Invertebrates; O 1010 Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants5865250Zooplankton versus phyto- and bacterioplankton in the Maltanski Reservoir (Poland) during an extensive biomanipulation experimenttKozak, A. Godyn, R.e'}Department of Water Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, Drzyma'ly 24, 60-613 Pozna[n], Poland, [mailto:akozak@amu.edu.pl]"Journal of Plankton ResearchJ. Plankton Res.261 37-48 0142-7873&Qualitative and quantitative analyses of plankton were carried out during biomanipulation studies conducted in 1993-1996 in the Malta[n]ski Reservoir (64 ha, mean depth 3.1 m), Poland. The taxonomic composition and size fractions of phytoplankton, as well as number and biomass of phyto-, zoo- and bacterioplankton, were investigated. Despite the removal of all fish before the experiment and extensive stocking with predatory fish, attempts to biomanipulate a top-down control of phytoplankton in the Malta[n]ski Reservoir were not successful except for the first season. Macrozooplankton filtration (including cladocerans and calanoids) was found to control the development of small organisms only, such as pico-, nano- and bacterioplankton. Microplankton were also under the influence of filter feeders, but these were not effectively eliminated. Zooplankton grazing stimulated the development of large phytoplanktonic organisms both by providing intermediate disturbances for their growth and by supplying them with nutrients released from grazed small-size organisms. A similar influence on micro- and nanophytoplankton was exerted by microzooplankton (including rotifers and nauplii). The presence of picophytoplankton and bacterioplankton, however, was positively correlated with microzooplankton number. 20042004. Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] Journal ArticleZooplankton; Phytoplankton; Bacterioplankton; Biomass; Community composition; Reservoirs; Nannoplankton; Water reservoirs; Nauplii; Size distribution; Grazing; Filter feeders; Trophodynamic cycle; Cladocera; Calanoida; Rotifera; Bacteria; Poland, Maltanski Reservoir; Poland Bacterioplankton; Bacteria; Water fleas; Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Freshwater J 02905 Water; K 03009 Algae; D 04310 Freshwater; Q1 01483 Species interactions: general; Q1 01461 Plankton5811432tmEffect of anthropogenic load on water quality and state of community of planktonic organisms in a small river282Krylov, A. V. Morzzhukhina, S. V. Romanenko, A. V. Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod1 2003 58-65RussianEcology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lotic water; Pollution; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Rotifera; Biomass; Planktonic community; Community structure; Plankton biomass; Environmental indicators; River; Pollution; Anthropogenic load; Planktonic community biomass environmental significance; Russia; Klinsko Dmitrovsk Uplands; Planktonic community biomass, anthropogenic load indicator Cladocera; Copepoda; Biomass; Community structure; Plankton biomass; Environmental indicators; River; Pollution; Anthropogenic load; Russia; Klinsko Dmitrovsk Uplands; Planktonic community biomass, anthropogenic load indicator ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifers 13910002837\s Water quality 33-41$://000182913100005"Nuzhdin, S. V. Petrov, D. A.HBTransposable elements in clonal lineages: lethal hangover from sex0)Biological Journal of the Linnean SocietyHRKLong-term coevolution of transposable elements (TEs) in sexual hosts leads to evolution of extremely active and dangerous mutagens kept in tenuous check by host-derived mechanisms and via natural selection against TE-rich genomes. To the extent that sexual reproduction and recombination are important in maintaining a stable TE copy number and a tolerable mutation load, the switch to clonality from sexual reproduction can be extremely damaging and, generally, should lead to clonal lineage extinction. Surprisingly however, the loss of powerful selective mechanisms constraining TEs can be beneficial in the short-term by immediately eliminating selective load and possibly promoting the early success of clonal lineages. The clonal lineages that do survive in the long-term must find a way to eliminate or domesticate TEs. Indeed bdelloid rotifers, which are ancient asexuals, do appear to have lost most of the otherwise wide-spread TEs and might have domesticated others. The path to this TE-free haven is anything but clear at the moment. We have considered a novel scenario of instantaneous inactivation of TEs by starting off with a genome carrying repressive host alleles for all TEs in the genome. We show that such a scenario appears plausible and provide some limited empirical evidence in its support. (C) 2003 The Linnean Society of London.n 2003 Mayp791eISI:000182913100005s243-250$://000185513900004<5Sarma, S. S. S. Trujillo-Hernandez, H. E. Nandini, S.sd^Population growth of herbivorous rotifers and their predator (Asplanchna) on urban wastewatersAquatic EcologyoWe studied the population growth of three Brachionus species (B. calyciflorus, B. patulus and B. rubens) using domestic (Mexico City) wastewater at different phases of treatment (treated: type C, partially treated: type B and crude: type A). We also evaluated growth characteristics of a predatory rotifer (Asplanchna sieboldi) fed B. rubens raised on wastewater and compared the growth rates of animals fed cultured algae. All the three tested brachionid species grew well in controls (i.e. fed on the alga Chlorella). However, populations of B. calyciflorus and B. patulus did not grow on the fully treated wastewater (type C). All three brachionid species grew poorly on partially treated wastewater (type B). In crude wastewater, B. rubens reached densities as high as 200 ind. ml(-1). Regardless of Brachionus species, the rates of population increase per day (r) varied between 0.29 and 0.4 in the controls. B. rubens in crude wastewater experienced steep mortality in the first two days but stabilized thereafter. It had generation times, which varied from 3 to 5 days depending on the treatment. Prey (B. rubens) raised on wastewater supported better population growth of A. sieboldi, the highest being from crude wastes. The growth rate of A. sieboldi fed B. rubens, raised on crude wastewater, was the highest (similar to0.8 d(-1)). Thus, the present study showed that culturing of certain species of brachionid rotifers on crude wastewater or partially treated is feasible without addition of alga.i 2003 July373tISI:000185513900004 2sClassificationclearance rate climateClimate and weatherClimatic changes ClupeaClupea pallasii ClupeidaeCoastal watersCoastal zone & mainCoastal zone & main khors Coasts cochlearis Coculture Codfishes Coexistence ColonizationD?Colonization, role of morphological, physiological & ecological Communication communities Community4/community biomass, anthropogenic load indicatorCommunity compositionCommunity structure0*Community structure & influencing factors, Community structure dynamics0+Community structure ecotone indicator value Community structure seasonal($Community structure seasonal changesDAcommunity structure seasonal dynamics & distribution, influencing4.Community structure seasonal dynamics, ecotone("Community structure, environmental0+Community structure, macrophyte abundance & ComparativeComparative studiescomparative study Competition CompetitorsComplex lipids compositioncomposition relationshipsComprehensive Zoology Concentration conditions Conductivity("Confocal scanning laser microscopyConochilus unicornis Consumers Contamination controlControlled conditions CopepodaCopepoda: drug effects CopepodsCorophium volutator Correlation Cosmids Cote d'IvoireCotton herbicidesCrab Crab cultureCrassostrea gigas Craters Crowding CrustaceaCrustacea & RotiferaCrustacea: drug effectsCrustacean larvaeCrustacean predatorsCrustacean prey Crustaceans Crustaceans (Branchiopoda)Crustaceans (Cladocera)Crustaceans (see CryoplanktonCryopreservationCryoprotectantsCryoprotectors Cryptomonas Cryptomonas (Cryptomonadida ) Cryptomonas (Cryptomonadida)CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium parvum Cucumis Cucumis sativus: drug effects Culicidae cultureCultured Organisms CurrentCyanobacteria: metabolismCyanobacterium CyanophytacycleCyclic: toxicity CycliophoraCyclopidae (Cyclopoida )Cyclopidae (Cyclopoida) CyclopoidaCyclops scutifer Cyclotella CypermethrinCyst viability Cysteine Cytochrome Cytochrome bCytochrome c oxidase ICytochrome oxidase I Cytochromes cytologyD,'D 04003 Modeling, mathematics, computerD 04310 FreshwaterD 04330 Marine D 04600 Soil$!D 04615 Ecology studies - generalD 04627 Algae/lichens$D 04655 Invertebrates - generalD 04665 Crustaceans D 04668 FishD 04803 Pollution effects DaphniaDaphnia & ParabroteasDaphnia laevisDaphnia longispina Daphnia magna($Daphnia middendorffiana (Cladocera )$Daphnia Muller 1785 (Cladocera) Daphnia pulex DaphniidaeDaphniidae (Cladocera) Darwinula$ Darwinula stevensoni (Ostracoda)Darwinulidae (Ostracoda )Darwinuloidea (Ostracoda)Data Collection Decapoda Defence defences in plankton, reviewDefense mechanisms Defensive Defoliants@:degradation products from trinitrotoluene phytoremediationDelhi demand densities, laboratory study density($density & endogenous factors effectsDensity dependenceDensity stratificationDepth distribution desalination DesiccationDesiccation risk Desmidiaceae Desmids Desmodesmus Detention Development DevelopmentalDevelopmental stages Dexamethasone Diacyclops DiapauseDiapausing egg viability Diapausing eggs from residual@:Diapausing eggs from residual ballast sediment, viability, Diaphanosoma$ Diaphanosoma Fischer (Cladocera)# XQSpecificity of crowding response that induces sexuality in the rotifer BrachionusGilbert, John J. Limnology and Oceanography483 May 2003 1297-1303nEnglishbCrowding induced the production of mictic (male-producing) females in Brachionus calyciflorus from two North American strains and an Australian strain. The specificity of this response to crowding was tested by culturing single individuals of a North American clone in three treatment conditions: a small volume (high density), a large volume (low density), and a large volume with a high density of an Australian clone. The results were consistent and clear in six experiments using different combinations of clones. Crowding low-density individuals of the North American strains with the Australian strain failed to induce them to produce mictic females. The mictic-female response in this treatment was similar to that in the low-density treatment, and both of these responses were significantly lower than that in the high-density treatment. Since the mictic-female response to crowding in Brachionus is mediated by a chemical produced by the rotifers themselves, the chemical inducers produced by the Australian and North American strains must be different. Taxonomically specific responses to crowding should increase fitness by assuring that sexual reproduction in the heterogonic life cycle coincides with a high population density of individuals able to mate with one another and, thus, when the production of fertilized resting eggs can be maximized. This would be especially important in plankton communities with diverse rotifer assemblages and multiple congeneric species. Otherwise, a low-density population of a species could be induced to initiate bisexual reproduction by populations of other species, curtailing its potential for population growth via female parthenogenesis and limiting its production of resting eggs in the future.Reproduction; Ecology; Population dynamics Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera); Reproduction; Mictic female induction by crowding; Population density; Crowding ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13908001851xqThe ciliate epibiont Epistylis pygmaeum: selection for zooplankton hosts, reproduction and effect on two rotifers4"Gilbert, J. J. Schroeder, T.Freshwater Biology485h May  2003878-893rEnglish  A clonal culture of the peritrich Epistylis pygmaeum was used for all observations and experiments. Motile cells preferentially attached to the eggs of three species of Brachionus but also attached to the body of adult B. angularis. Zooids on the transitory egg substratum developed only short stalks, while those on the body often developed long stalks and branched colonies. Selection for the eggs positions the ciliate near the cloaca, and thus high concentrations of fine particulate material excreted by the host. Settlement on eggs occurred equally well in the light and dark, and on moving and stationary eggs.Motile Epistylis cells attached to a wide variety of rotifer and crustacean zooplankton, but exhibited some pronounced selectivity. They readily settled on the eggs of other rotifers (Epiphanes, Polyarthra), on the carapace of several cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia, Diaphanosoma), and on the egg sacs of a copepod (Tropocyclops). They settled less readily on the bodies of the rotifers Asplanchna and Synchaeta, and rarely or never settled on the rotifer Keratella, the cladocerans Bosmina and Scapholeberis, and the body of the copepod.Epistylis populations initiated with a single zooid on Brachionus increased exponentially and often contained several hundred attached zooids and motile cells after 3 days at 20 degree C. Observations of a culture initiated from a single telotroch provided new information about peritrich life cycles: (1) motile cells reproduced themselves at a rapid rate ( lambda =26 day super(-1)); (2) telotrochs produced or transformed into swimming zooids and vice versa. Functions of the two types of motile cells remain to be clarified. Telotrochs likely are specialised for finding and attaching to hosts. Swimming zooids can feed and reproduce, producing both their own cell type and telotrochs. Together, they should enhance dispersal and population growth, especially when hosts are rare. 4. Life-table experiments with two species of Brachionus showed that colonisation by Epistylis had no effect on adult survival but significantly decreased fecundity, by 29% in both cases. Zooids attached to eggs could be a weight burden, increase drag, and possibly inhibit egg development. Those on the body of B. angularis also could interfere with coronal cilia, inhibiting feeding and further slowing locomotion. The ability of E. pygmaeum to select and then interfere with its hosts indicates that this epibiont has the potential to influence the species structure of zooplankton communities.lReproduction; Reproductive productivity; Associations; Ecology; Population dynamics Epistylis pygmaeum (Peritrichida); Reproduction; Associations; Crustacea & Rotifera; Epibiont, host selection, reproduction & effect on hosts Rotifera; Associations; Epistylis pygmaeum (Protozoa); Epibiont, host selection, reproduction & effect on hosts Brachionus angularis; Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera ); Fecundity; Survival; Protozoan epibiont effects Crustacea; Associations; Epistylis pygmaeum (Protozoa); Epibiont, host selection & reproduction ...Peritrichida; Peritrichia; Oligohymenophorea; Ciliophora; Protozoa ...Rotifera ...Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifers 13911001702s. -TMAssembly history interacts with ecosystem size to influence species diversityR Fukami, T.'d]Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand, [mailto:fukamit@landcareresearch.co.nz]iEcology,Ecology 8512 3234-3242 Dec 0012-9658Although species diversity is often correlated with ecosystem size in a consistent manner, mechanistic explanations of when and why diversity is related to size remain elusive. Rarely considered in understanding size-diversity relationships is the history of community assembly. I conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment with freshwater protists and rotifers to test for interactive effects of assembly history and ecosystem size on species diversity. The experiment used a two-way factorial design with four assembly sequences and four ecosystem sizes as treatments. Community dynamics were monitored for about 50-100 generations. The results show that history affected diversity more strongly in smaller ecosystems, presumably owing to greater priority effects. Consequently, history determined when diversity was significantly related to ecosystem size. The results also suggest that long-term transient community dynamics can make assembly history important for community structuring even in the absence of alternative stable states. Because species immigration is essentially stochastic, ecosystem size is variable, and priority effects can be strong in many natural systems, the history X size interaction revealed in this study also has the potential to shape natural size-diversity patterns.; 2004Journal ArticleaxrSpecies diversity; Microcosms; Community structure; Protista; Rotifera Rotifers D 04615 Ecology studies - general61427101<6Evolution as a critical component of plankton dynamicsF?Fussmann, Gregor F. Ellner, Stephen P. Hairston, Nelson G., Jr.D=Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series Bi 270r 151922 2003 1015-1022rEnglishc{Microevolution is typically ignored as a factor directly affecting ongoing population dynamics. We show here that density-dependent natural selection has a direct and measurable effect on a planktonic predator-prey interaction. We kept populations of Brachionus calyciflorus, a monogonont rotifer that exhibits cyclical parthenogenesis, in continuous flow-through cultures (chemostats) for more than 900 days. Initially, females frequently produced male offspring, especially at high population densities. We observed rapid evolution, however, towards low propensity to reproduce sexually, and by 750 days, reproduction had become entirely asexual. There was strong selection favouring asexual reproduction because, under the turbulent chemostat regime, males were unable to mate with females, produced no offspring, and so had zero fitness. In replicated chemostat experiments we found that this evolutionary process directly influenced the population dynamics. We observed very specific but reproducible plankton dynamics which are explained well by a mathematical model that explicitly includes evolution. This model accounts for both asexual and sexual reproduction and treats the propensity to reproduce sexually as a quantitative trait under selection. We suggest that a similar amalgam of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms may drive the dynamics of rapidly reproducing organisms in the wild.Techniques; Reproduction; Evolution; Ecology Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera); Mathematical techniques; Reproduction; Evolution; Role in plankton dynamics, experimental observations & model; Population dynamics ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13908001731Acute and chronic toxicity of the pesticide methyl parathion to the rotifer Brachionus angularis (Rotifera) at different algal (Chlorella vulgaris) food densities4.Gama-Flores, J. L. Sarma, S. S. S. Nandini, S.'Doctoral Programme, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, Mexico City Mexico, [mailto:joluga@servidor.unam.mx]Aquatic Ecologyt Aquat. Ecol.381c 27-36a 1386-2588hMethyl parathion is a commonly used insecticide in Mexico to eradicate insect pests. We evaluated the effects of this insecticide on rotifer B. angularis using both acute and chronic toxicity tests. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of methyl parathion for B. angularis for a 24-h bioassay in the presence and absence of an algal diet was derived. Elevated LC50 due to the survival of a greater number of test individuals in the presence of food was observed. Regardless of the toxicant concentration, population growth curves of the animals maintained at the low food level (0.75t10 super(6) cells ml super(-1)) had a longer lag phase than those at the high food level (1.5t10 super(6) cells ml super(-1)). Regardless of food level, an increase in the toxicant concentration in the medium resulted in decreased population growth. The lowest peak population density (50 ind. ml super(-1)) was observed at the highest toxicant concentration and the lower food level. The highest population density (200 ind. ml super(-1)) was observed in the controls at high food level. The rates of population increase per day (r) in the controls were higher (from 0.14 to 0.37 depending on the food level). Irrespective of food level, there was a decrease in the r values with increasing pesticide concentration in the medium. In order to detect the effect of population density on the growth rates in relation to the toxicant stress, we plotted the daily growth rate against initial density for the entire duration of the experiment. We observed the existence of a significantly inverse relation at all treatments except at the low food level and high toxicant concentrations (0.625 and 1.25 mg l super(-1)). We discuss the role of algae in the toxicity of methyl parathion to zooplankton. 2004<52004. Physical medium: Printed matter Journal ArticleAlgae; Bioassays; Growth rate; Insecticides; Population density; Toxicity tests; Zooplankton; Population dynamics; Rotifera; Chlorella vulgaris; Brachionus angularis Rotifers Freshwater Q5 01504 Effects on organisms5926825  D371-382$://000227169600016e0)Wang, L. P. Yan, T. Yu, R. C. Zhou, M. J.ozExperimental study on the impact of dinoflagellate Alexandrium species on populations of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Harmful Algaes  To investigate harmful effects of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium species on microzooplankton, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was chosen as an assay species, and tested with 10 strains of Alexandrium including one known non-PSP-producer (Alexandrium tamarense, AT-6). HPLC analysis confirmed the PSP-content of the various strains: Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium tamarense (ATHK, AT5-1, AT5-3, ATC102, ATC103) used in the experiment were PSP-producers. No PSP toxins were detected in the strains Alexandrium sp1, Alexandrium sp2. Exposing rotifer populations to the densities of 2000 cells ml(-1) of each of these 10 Alexandrium strains revealed that the (non-PSP) A. tarnarense (AT-6) and two other PSP-producing algae: A. lusitanicum, A. minutum, did not appear to adversely impact rotifer populations. Rotifers exposed to these three strains were able to maintain their population numbers, and in some cases, increase them. Although some increases in rotifer population growth following exposures to these three algal species were noted, the rate was less than for the non-exposed control rotifer groups. In contrast, the remaining seven algal strains (A. tamarense ATHK, AT5-1, AT5-3, ATC102, ATC103; also Alexandrium sp1 and Alexandrium sp2) all have adverse effects on the rotifers. Dosing rotifers with respective algal cell densities of 2000 cells ml-1 each, for Alexandrium spl, Alexandrium sp2, and A. tamarense strains ATHK and ATC103 showed mean lethal time (LT50) on rotifer populations of 21, 28, 29, and 36h, respectively. The remaining three species (A. tamarense strains AT5-1, AT5-3, ATC102) caused respective mean rotifer LT50S of 56, 56, and 71 h, compared to 160 h for the unexposed "starved control" rotifers. Experiments to determine ingestion rates for the rotifers, based on changes in their Chlorophyll a content, showed that the rotifers could feed on A. lusitanicum, A. minutum and A. tamarense strain AT-6, but could graze to little or no extent upon algal cells of the other seven strains. The effects on rotifers exposed to different cell densities, fractions, and growth phases of A. tamarense algal culture were respectively compared. It was found that only the whole algal cells had lethal effects, with strongest impact being shown by the early exponential growth phase of A. tamarense. The results indicate that some toxic mechanism(s), other than PSP and present in whole algal cells, might be responsible for the adverse effects on the exposed rotifers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Feb 200542ISI:000227169600016RLVertical niche separation of two consumers (Rotatoria) in an extreme habitat Weithoff, G.'Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany, [mailto:weithoff@rz.uni-potsdam.de] Oecologia Oecologia 1394594-603 Mayp 0029-8549 ^ WHerbivore populations are commonly restricted by resource limitation, by predation or a combination of the two. Food supplement experiments are suitable for investigating the extent of food limitation at any given time. The main part of this study was performed in an extremely acidic lake (pH 2.7) where the food web consists of only a few components and potential food sources for herbivores are restricted to two flagellates. Life table experiments proved that Chlamydomonas was a suitable food source whereas Ochromonas was an unsuitable food source. The two flagellates and the two rotifers exhibit a pronounced vertical distribution pattern. In this study, a series of food supplement experiments were performed in order to: (1) quantify and compare potential resource limitation of two primary consumers (Cephalodella hoodiand Elosa worallii, Rotatoria) over time, (2) compare their response at different temperatures, (3) evaluate the effect of having an unsuitable food source alongside a valuable one, (4) estimate the effect of predation on rotifers by Heliozoa, and (5) compare the results with those from other acidic lakes. Additionally, the spatio-temporal population dynamics of both species were observed. The field data confirmed a vertical separation of the two species with E. worallii dominating in the upper water layers, and C. hoodi in the deeper, cooler water layers. The results from the food supplement experiments in which Chlamydomonas served as the supplemented suitable food source showed that the two rotifers were food limited in the epilimnion throughout the season to different extents, with Cephalodella being more severely food limited than Elosa. The experiments at different temperatures provided evidence that Elosa had a higher optimum temperature for growth than Cephalodella. When the unsuitable food algae Ochromonas was added alongside the suitable food source Chlamydomonas, C. hoodi was unaffected but E. worallii was negatively affected. Predation of Heliozoa on rotifers was observed but the total effect on the rotifer dynamics is probably low. The comparison with other lakes showed that resource limitation also occurred in one other lake, although to a lesser extent. Overall, the vertical separation of the two rotifers could be explained by both their differential extent of resource limitation and differential response to temperature. 2004&Springer-Verlag Journal ArticleNiches; Herbivores; Food webs; Lakes; Resource availability; Cephalodella hoodi; Elosa worallii D 04655 Invertebrates - general6014233hbOocyte nuclear DNA content and GC proportion in rotifers of the anciently asexual Class Bdelloidea,&Welch, David B. Mark Meselson, Matthew0)Biological Journal of the Linnean Societyl791s MayN 2003 85-91dEnglisheVOThe approximately 360 species of the Class Bdelloidea (Phylum Rotifera) constitute the largest, most diverse and oldest eukaryotic group for which obligate asexuality has morphological, cytological and molecular support. DNA sequence studies indicate that the class constitutes a single clonal lineage, 50-100 million years old. Here we report cytofluorometric measurements of oocyte nuclear DNA content and GC proportion for six bdelloid species, representing the three major families of Bdelloidea. We find wide differences between species in nuclear DNA content (0.5-2.4 pg) and proportion of GC (37-57%). The proportion of GC in the nuclear DNA of all six species is greater than that in their coding regions examined to date, and tends to be greater in species with greater nuclear DNA content. Interspecific differences in nuclear DNA content do not correlate with chromosome numbers, which range from 10 to 13, and are therefore not due to differences in ploidy. In addition, since bdelloids seemingly lack functional reverse transcriptase genes, the observed interspecific differences in nuclear DNA content and GC proportion do not appear to have resulted from retrotransposon activity. The values of oocyte nuclear DNA content obtained by cytofluorometric measurement are close to the values of total genome size we previously obtained from measurements of DNA hybridization intensity, indicating that bdelloid genomes do not undergo significant somatic chromatin diminution and, unlike the genomes of sexually reproducing diploids or polyploids, do not consist of two or more nearly identical haplotypes. Biochemistry; Reproduction; Gametogenesis; Genetics Bdelloidea (Rotifera); Nucleic acids; Reproduction; Asexual reproduction; Oogenesis; Oocyte nuclear DNA content & GC proportion, ancient asexuality relationships; Molecular genetics ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13907005640Vertical distribution of herbivorous zooplankton in a well-mixed lake system in which the main predator is a non-selective filter-feeding fishF@Fejes, Elizabeth Birnbaum, Jenny Gelwick, Frances Roelke, Daniel$Journal of Freshwater Ecologya182c June 2003333-336rEnglish 6/The vertical distribution of herbivorous zooplankton was examined over a 24-hr period in Lake Somerville, Texas, a shallow, well-mixed, warm-water reservoir in which temperature and oxygen gradients rarely occur. While no consistent preference for surface or bottom water was found, diel zooplankton population deficits were observed. Activity of the main planktivore, the non-visual, filter feeding gizzard shad, did not correspond to observed trends for zooplankton. Other factors such as sinking and resuspension of phytoplankton might have been important.b\Ecology; Distribution within habitat; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Nearctic region; North America; USA Rotifera; Cladocera; Copepoda; Vertical distribution; Lake; Texas; Lake Somerville ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifers 13907001529 ;R PMarshall, William A. Martens, K. Martens, KoenMartinez-Cardenas, L.Martinez-Diaz, SergioMartinez-Giron, R. Martins, S.Maruthanayagam, C. Masero, R.Matveev, V. F. May, E. Mayeli, S. M.McCreadie, John W.McCutcheon, S. C. McEvoy, L. A.McInnes, S. J.McInnes, Sandra J. Medina, M. Mehra, N. K.Mehra, Naresh K.Melchiorsen, J. Melone, G.Melone, GiulioMelotti, PaoloMeluzzi, AdeleMenozzi, Paolo Mercier, L. Meselson, M.Meselson, Matthew Methot, G.Michaloudi, E.Mielbrecht, E. E.Mikami, Hajime Miller, J. M. Miller, T. E.Milyutina, I. A. Minouflet, M.Miracle, M. R.Mironova, T. V.Mischke, C. C.Modenutti, BeatrizMontagnes, D. J. S. Montella, S.Moorhead, D. L.Moorhead, Daryl L. Moran, N. A.Moran, Nancy A.Morehead, D. T.Moreno Legorreta, M.Moreno-Amich, R. Morita, T.Morzzhukhina, S. V.Moscatello, S.Muller, M. C. M. Murado, M. Murakami, A. Naihong, X.Nakagawa, Megumi Nandini, S. Nardelli, A. Nedbalova, L.Nelder, Mark P. Neves, I. F.Newton, P. C. D.Nichols, P. D.Nichols, Peter D.Nicol, Stephen Nielsen, J.Nikanorov, A. M.Nilssen, J. P. Niu, Cui-juan Niu, Cuijuan Njiru, M.Normark, B. B.Normark, Benjamin B.Nuzhdin, S. V. Obst, M. Okada, Fumie Olguin, H. F. Omondi, R. Onal, U. Opinion, Iczn Ortells, R.Oshiro, L. M. Y.Ostroumov, S. A.Overweter, A. L. Pagano, M. Pagano, MarcPaleolog, Andrzej Pane, L.Papadopoulou, K. Papinska, K. Parent, B. Parrella, A.Parrish, C. C. Pati, A. C.Paukert, C. P.Pavon-Meza, E. L.Pavon-Meza, E. LuciaPejavar, Madhuri K. Pel, R. Pena, R.Pena-Mendoza, B. Pereira, A.Perez-Chavez, R.Perez-Legaspi, I. A.$ Perez-Legaspi, Ignacio AlejandroPerez-Lomba, R.Perschbacher, P. W. Persoone, G. Petrov, D. A. Petrov, N. B.Pfannkuche, O.Pfannkuche, OlafPholpunthin, P. Pick, F. R.Pinel-Alloul, B. Pinto, A. A. Pinto, G.Pis'man, T. I.Piskurek, Oliver Pisman, T. I. Planas, M. Polesello, S. Pollio, A.Popiolek, BarbaraPorazinska, D.Porazinska, Dorota Postma, J. F. Pouchkina-Stantcheva, N. N. Pourriot, R. Prazakova, M. Prepas, E. E.Prepas, Ellie E. Previtera, L.Ptacnik, Robert Puig, A.Puterbaugh, M. N.Pyatkov, K. I. Quataert, P.Queimalinos, ClaudiaQuintana, X. D. Quist, M. C.Radwan, Stanislaw Raid, T.Raikova, O. I. Ramesh, M. A. Ramirez, E.Ramirez-Garcia, P.Ramirez-Perez, T. Ramlov, H.Ramos-Rodriguez, E.Ramos-Rodriguez, EloisaRaut, Nayana S. Reeve, J. N.Regali-Seleghim, Mirna H.Reissig, Mariana Reuter, M. Riaza, A. Riba, I.Ribas-Barcelo, A. Ricci, C.Ricci, ClaudiaRico-Martinez, R.Rico-Martinez, Roberto Riedler, P.Riedler, Patricia Ritz, D. A.Robbins, G. E. Rocha, O. Roche, K. F.Roelke, Daniel Rohmer, M.Romanenko, A. V. Romo, S.Roncarati, AlessandraRosadas, L. A. D. Ross, D. J. Ross, N. W. Rossa, D. C. Rossetti, G.Rossetti, GiampaoloRossi, Valeriah  Shallow waterxrInitial sequence and protein modeling results of a mitochondrial genome project on understudied invertebrate phylaVPRobbins, G. E. Giribet, G. Kiontke, K. Fitch, D. H. Boore, J. L. Campbell, R. K.'>8Serono Reproductive Biology Institute, Rockland, MA, USAD=Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole,&Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods Hole 207c2e 169  Octn 0006-3185iMitochondria play an essential role in metabolism. Comprising its own circular DNA, the mitochondrial genome of metazoans typically encodes 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 12 to 13 polypeptides. These polypeptides are responsible for the production of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that facilitate the production of ATP. Based upon genomic similarities, eukaryotic mitochondria may have evolved from an alphaproteobacterium-like ancestor. A mitochondrial genomics study was initiated using organisms from invertebrate phyla including Priapulida (Halicryptus spinulosus), Rotifera (Encentrum tectipes), Acanthocephala (Echinorynchus gadi), Gnathostomulida (Gnathostomula peregrini), Cycliophora (Symbion pandora), and Nematoda (Oscheius tipulae and Rhabditoides regina). Gene regions from cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI), cytochrome b, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA were amplified and sequenced using universal primer pairs. Nested primers were then designed to amplify larger fragments of each mitochondrial genome. Nested PCR products (5-10 kb) were obtained from three organisms, which covered 50%-75% of the genomic mtDNA in highly purified form. These products will be subjected to shotgun sequencing. Further PCR studies of the remaining fragments, as well as those of other mitochondrial genomes, are ongoing. Successful amplification of coxI sequences using LCO/HCO primers was achieved from all invertebrates studied. Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in the respiratory chain, reduces oxygen to water through electron and proton transfer. The PCR of the coxI from the rotifer (E. tectipes) sample yielded two divergent protein-coding sequences. BLAST analyses revealed one to be most closely related to other rotifer coxI sequences. The second sequence appears equally related to coxI genes from alphaproteobacteria (e.g., Rickettsia) and from various eukaryotes, suggesting that this gene and its associated genome could be in an interesting phylogenetic position. 20042004 General Scientific Meeting of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole (USA), 9-10 Aug 2004 Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 USA, [URL:http://www.biolbull.org/] Journal Article; Conference; SummaryXRGenomes; DNA; Cytochromes; Polymerase chain reaction; Mitochondria; Polypeptides; ATP; Phylogeny; Proteins; Nucleotide sequence; Aerobic respiration; Cycliophora; Halicryptus spinulosus; Encentrum; Rickettsia; Rotifera; Nematoda; Acanthocephala; Rhabditoides; Invertebrata; Priapulida; Gnathostomulida; Proteobacteria; Symbion pandora 16S rRNA; 12S rRNA; Cytochrome c oxidase I; Cytochrome b; Comparative studies Q1 01185 Genetics and evolution; O 1030 Invertebrates; Q1 01205 Genetics and evolution; Q1 01245 Genetics and evolution; O 1010 Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants6088931 )iHThailand, Mun R.Thamnocephalus platyurus Thane CityThermal springsThermal Stratification Thermoclinethermocyclopoides Thioploca TissueTissue Distribution(%Top down effect on microbial food web Toxicity$!Toxicity (see also Lethal limits)Toxicity testingToxicity tests Trace metals Trachelomonas Transpositiontransposon Athenatransposon Penelope TransposonsTraps Treatment Trehalose TrichocercaTrichocerca (Rotifera )(#Trichocerca Lamarck 1801 (Rotifera)Trichocerca similisTrinitrotoluene: analysisTrinitrotoluene: toxicity Trophic("trophic carbon deficit assessments0+Trophic carbon deficit assessments based onTrophic levelsTrophic relationshipstrophic significanceTrophic structureTrophodynamic cycleTropical lakestropical reservoirtropical swampTropocyclops prasinus Tropocyclops prasinus tjeefi True cods Turbidity Turkey TyrosineU.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.ultrastructure Upland Upper Parana River floodplainUSA USA, Arkansas USA, Kentucky, Kentucky L. USA, OregonUSA, WashingtonUseUse of computers utilizationUV BV 22022 Virus assay validationvalue Values VariationD@variation in plankton assemblage, lake coastal zone & main khors85Variation in vertical distribution & spatial overlaps variationsDAvariations in predator prey vertical distribution & phytoplanktonVegetation cover velocity Veneroida Ventilation Vertebrates VerticalVertical distributionD?vertical migration patterns in plankton & spatial overlaps withviability significance VibrioVibrio (bacteria)Vibrio fischeri Vibrio neptunius (bacterium)Vibrio rotiferanus Vibrio xuiiVideotape recordingsViral diseases virilis0-Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants Visceral Vitamin E vulgaris Vulnerability40W2 32510 Waste treatment, environment, pollution$W4 310 Agricultural EngineeringWaste disposal$Waste Disposal, Fluid: methods WastewaterWastewater treatmentwaterWater analysis Water column Water Depth Water fleas Water levelsWater MicrobiologyWater movements($Water Pollutants, Chemical: analysisWater pollutionWater Pollution Effects82Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation Water quality$Water quality (Treated waters)Water reservoirs Water Resources and SuppliesWater stratification Water SupplyWater temperatureWater trophic stateWazirabad barrage,'web, top down effect, oligotrophic lakewebsWest West Bengal West Pacific wet sands,(wet sands, water trophic state relations wetlandsWheelWheel animalculesWhitewhite spot syndromeWhole animal physiology,&with piscean predators & phytoplanktonwith plankton prey With stem ruled as Claria,within habitatWuhanWuhuX 24111 Acute exposure X 24120X 24132 Chronic exposureX 24221 Toxicity testing Xenotrichula Xeresa L. Yamuna River Yeasts Yellow perchYield Z 05203 Relations to plants Z 05210 Aquatic entomologyZ 05213 Genes & molecular Zebra musselZoeaezones Zoobenthos Zoogeography Zooplankton$ zooplankton abundance patterns &zooplankton biomass zooplankton biomass ratios$Zooplankton community structureZooplankton faunal surveyD>Zooplankton in shallow tropical reservoir, effects of nutrient Zooplankton:? dgytmWater quality and seasonal succession of phytoplankton and zooplankton in two thermal springs in Cairo, Egypt& Ghazy, Mahassen Mohammed El-Deeb81Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoologya40AyJanuaryi 2003169-183SEnglish.Plankton populations and physico-chemical parameters were evaluated monthly over a year period in the springs Ain El-Sera and El-lmam El-Shaffie. The objective of the work presented here was to characterize the water quality and the seasonal succession of phytoplankton and zooplankton in these ecosystems. The influence of seasonal factors on the zooplankton translated into alternating populations dominated by rotifers (Brachionus) in autumn and winter, and by Cladocera specially Daphnia in winter in case of Ain El-Sera ecosystem. In El-Imam EI-Shaffie ecosystem the zooplankton community was dominated by the cladoceran Artemia in spring which is reddish in colour and gives the water a rosy tint. Of the phytoplankton in Ain El-Sera spring were Oocystis solitaria and Closterium pronum (Chlorophyceae), the predominant taxonomic units in spring whilst Peridinium (Dinophyceae), dominated during the months with lowest irradiance (autumn). In El-Imam EI-Shaffie spring, Closterium pronum dominated in summer but Nitzschia linearis was abundant in winter followed by the cryptophycean Clamydomonas. Physico-chemical properties of these springs indicated their therapeutic importance. The water temperature of the two springs varied from 18[degree]C to 24[degree]C. The two springs are of alkali type. pH varied from 7.6 to 8.3 . Conductance and salinity in El-Imam EI-Shaffie spring were ten-folds those of Ain El-Sera spring. Dissolved oxygen varied from 7.0mg/L in spring in El-Imam EI-Shaffie spring water to 8.7mg/L in Ain El-Sera spring water . The concentrations of Ca, Mg and S04 were very high in the two springs Recommendations for the protection of these thermal springs are given according to the results of this study.leEcology; Community structure; Habitat utilization; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lotic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Invertebrata; Species diversity; Seasonal succession in thermal springs; Succession in habitats; Spring water; Thermal springs; Egypt; Ain El Sera & El lmam El Shaffie thermal springs; Seasonal succession Invertebrates 13906001835 v',Ethiopian region EucaridaEumalacostraca$ Euphausia superba (Euphausiacea)Euplotes vannus EuropeEurope, Danube R. Europe, WestEutrophic environmentsEutrophication evaluationEvaluation Studies0-Events occurrence in putative ancient asexual Evolution0-Evolution in response to desiccation risks in EvolutionaryEvolutionary adaptationevolutionary implicationsEvolutionary rateExperimental DataExperimental research experiments Explosions$Fabrea salina (Heterotrichida ) factorsfactors effectsfactors, effects,'factors, lake coastal zone & main khors families Fast ice Fat snookFate of PollutantsFatty Fatty acids$Fatty Acids, Omega-3: analysis fauna in backwater habitat FecundityFeed composition feeders,&feeders impact on plankton communities FeedingFeeding (Animal) Feeding analysis techniquesFeeding Behavior Feeding Behavior: psychologyFeeding behaviourFeeding experimentsD>feeding impact on river plankton communities, simulation model Feeding rate Feeding Rates Female FemalesFenneropenaeus chinensisFertility: physiology Fertilization Fertilizers FilamentsFilinia longiseta FilterFilter feedersFilter feeding83Filter feeding on phytoplankton, effect of chemicalFinland, Santala Bay First feedingFishFish (Percoid) Fish culture Fish eggs Fish Food Fish larvae Fish oils Fish pondsFish PopulationsFishook water flea FlagellaFlagellated protozoans Flagellates flavescens Fleshy prawnFlood plain habitat Flood plain plankton grazing Flood plainsfloodplain habitatsFloodplain river Floodplain river margin lakesD>flora, effects on growth & survival & encapsulation in culture Florida$Floscularia ringens (Rotifera)FoodFood availability0,Food availability effects, strain variations Food chain Food chainsFood consumptionFood Deprivation Food intakeFood organisms Food plantsFood processingFood resources<7Food web dynamics & productivity, omnivory significancefood web, acidic lake Food webs$Food, additives & contaminantsFood-processing WastesFoods Foraging0*Fort McMurray & Wood Buffalo National Park FranceFrance & GermanyFreezing storage FreshwaterFreshwater crustaceansFreshwater ecosystemsFreshwater environmentsFreshwater habitatFreshwater organismsFreshwater pollutionfreshwater zones Frog culture Fucoxanthin Functions,'G 07204 Transposons/insertion sequences<7G 07260 Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary geneticsG 07360 General Gadidae Gainesville galeatagaleata (Cladocera ) GametogenesisGas GastrotrichaGene expression generalGeneral morphology83Generation length & prereproductive period durationGenes Genetic0+Genetic divergence & taxonomic implicationsGenetic diversity Genetic driftGenetic techniques GeneticsGenetics and evolution Genomesgenomic signatures GeochemistryGeographical distributionGeological time periods GermanyGermination: drug effectsGillsglandGlobal warming Glycerol GnathiferaGnathostomulida GnesiotrochaGnesiotrocha (Rotifera)Goksu Dam LakeGolden-brown algae GoldfishGov't, Non-P.H.S.Graceful catfish Grazing Grazing rate Great LakesGreen water cultureGreenhouse effectGrosser Vaetersee Growthgrowth & development Growth curves Growth rate GuangdongGuangdong & Shandong Guangzhou Guinea, Bioko I., Loreto L.Hhabit HabitatHabitat colonizationplankton ZooplanktonSf_Dispersal Rates Affect Species Composition in Metacommunities of Sarracenia purpurea Inquilines "Kneitel, J. M. Miller, T. E. 2003&American Naturalist [Am. Nat.].a 162s2r165-171 Dispersal among local communities can have a variety of effects on species composition and diversity at local and regional scales. Local conditions (e.g., resource and predator densities) can have independent effects, as well as interact with dispersal, to alter these patterns. Based on metacommunity models, we predicted that local diversity would show a unimodal relationship with dispersal frequency. We manipulated dispersal frequencies, resource levels, and the presence of predators (mosquito larvae) among communities found in the water-filled leaves of the pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. Diversity and abundance of species of the middle trophic level, protozoa and rotifers, were measured. Increased dispersal frequencies significantly increased regional species richness and protozoan abundance while decreasing the variance among local communities. Dispersal frequency interacted with predation at the local community scale to produce patterns of diversity consistent with the model. When predators were absent, we found a unimodal relationship between dispersal frequency and diversity, and when predators were present, there was a flat relationship. Intermediate dispersal frequencies maintained some species in the inquiline communities by offsetting extinction rates. Local community composition and the degree of connectivity between communities are both important for understanding species diversity patterns at local and regional scales.n:4Using Smart Source Parsing pp. Aug 0003-0147 EnglishProtozoa; Species composition; Species diversity; Community structure; Dispersal; Resource availability; Predators; Inquilinism; Rotifera; Sarracenia purpurea; Culicidae Rotifers; Mosquitoes D 04655 Invertebrates - general; Z 05203 Relations to plants; D 04640 Other angiosperms5718836i'" Animals793-802$://000184936900002, Hotos, G. N.Growth, filtration and ingestion rate of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed with large (Asteromonas gracilis) and small (Chlorella sp.) celled algal speciesoAquaculture ResearchF@The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was fed in experimental conditions with a small celled (2-5 mum) Chlorella sp. and a large celled (16-22 mum) Asteromonas gracilis algae. The specific growth rate (SGR) of rotifers fed Asteromonas (maximum 0.79) was statistically higher than that for rotifers fed Chlorella (maximium 0.61). The filtration and ingestion rates using different rotifer and algal densities exhibited certain maxima depending on the species, the cell density and the condition of the rotifers. The filtration rate was higher with Asteromonas and, although ingestion rate was lower than with Chlorella, the ingestion in terms of cell volume was 10-fold higher. It seems that B. plicatilis ingests the larger cell diameter algal species more efficiently than the smaller species that is usually used for its mass culture. 2003 Aug 203410ISI:000184936900002rd^Comparative studies on individual growth and development of three Brachionus angularis strains(!Hu, Haoyuan Xi, Yilong Geng, HongYingyong Shengtai Xuebao144n April  2003565-568,ChinesenThe embryonic developmental period (De), pre-reproductive period (Dp), the least generation time (Tg), body size of juveniles and adults, egg volume and relative egg volume of three strain Brachionus angularis from Qingdao, Guangzhou and Wuhu were studied with Scenedesmus obliquus at 2.4x106 cells[center dot]ml-1 as the rotifers' food at 25[degree]C. We found that there were significantly different in De, Dp and Tg of three strains. De of WH strain was the top, and subsequently was GZ strain and QD strain. QD strain had the longest Dp, but GZ strain had the shortest. Tg in GZ strain was the shortest, and QD strain, and WH strain were longer, respectively, but no significantly difference existed in the later two. De tended to decrease as the relative egg volume increased in the three strains. Body size at the same stage in pre-reproductive period of three strains was significantly different. WH strain had the largest body size during all of the stages. The relationships between body size and the age of the juvenile of QD, GZ and WH strain were all curvilinear. The variance of the neonates and the adults was 244.24% in WH strain, and 182.89%, 156.28% in QD and GZ strain, respectively. The adults' body size, egg size, and relative egg size was significantly different in three strains.Biometrics; Reproduction; Life cycle and development; Development; Evolution; Variation; Morphological variation; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; China Brachionus angularis (Rotifera); Size; Body & egg size; Egg; Life cycle; Generation length & prereproductive period duration; Embryo development; Duration; Guangdong & Shandong; Variation; Size variation; Anhui; Wuhu; Guangdong; Guangzhou; Shandong; Qingdao; Biological characteristics, geographical variation ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13908002357YDH> 85-92$://000227140100013tKurbatova, S. A.82Response of microcosm zooplankton to acidificationBiology BulletinZooplankton community transformation in response to soft water acidification was studied in two experimental series using the microcosm method. The dynamics of total abundance, changes in the proportions of the main zooplankton groups, stability of the dominant complex, and species diversity were evaluated. Zooplankton population proved to decrease at all studied low pH (5-6, 4-5, and 3-4) within the first two weeks relative to the control. At water pH 5-6, either Rotifera-Copepoda or Cladocera-Copepoda zooplankton complex was established depending on the initial community composition; while at pH 4-5, Copepoda predominated in the established zooplankton community. The community edificator species was replaced at pH 4-5. The lowest diversity index was also observed at this pH (1.0-1.5 bit/ind.). In addition, the proportion and absolute population of copepod nauplii and cladoceran Scapholeberis mucronata increased at low pH. A decrease in water pH to 3-4 proved to be disruptive for the zooplankton community.Jan-Feb 2005321ISI:0002271401000130ZSBdelloid rotifers (Rotifera, Bdelloidea) as a component of soil and land biocenosestKutikova, L. A.@9Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya 3a 2003332-336pjRussian Serial normally translated cover to cover in: Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences.General morphology; Integument; Nutrition; Reproduction; Reproductive productivity; Life cycle and development; Evolution; Ecology; Habitat utilization; Habitat; Terrestrial habitat Bdelloidea (Rotifera); General morphology; Integumentary glands; Mucus secretion; Diet; Fecundity; Life cycle; Evolutionary adaptation; Trophic structure; Habitat colonization; Soil habitat; Colonization, role of morphological, physiological & ecological adaptations ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13910002872ipiSelective feeding of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda, Calanoida) on co-occurring sibling rotifer speciesL6/Lapesa, S. Snell, T. W. Fields, D. M. Serra, M.c'Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, A.O. 22085, Valencia 46071 Spain, [mailto:sara.lapesa@uv.es]Freshwater biologyFreshwat. Biol. 498  1053-1061 0046-5070 Using two- and three-dimensional video recordings, the steps involved in predation that lead to the differential vulnerability of three sympatric rotifer sibling species (Brachionus plicatilis, B. ibericus and B. rotundiformis) to a co-occurring, predatory, calanoid copepod (Arctodiaptomus salinus) were examined. Brachionus rotundiformis, the smallest prey tested, was the most vulnerable with the highest encounter rate, probability of attack, capture and ingestion, and the lowest handling time. Comparison of the results with those of a previous study shows that A. salinus is a more efficient predator than a co-occurring cyclopoid copepod (Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus) feeding on these same rotifer species. However, despite its higher capture rates, A. salinus seems to be less selective than D. b. odessanus based on attack distances and prey handling times. The differential vulnerability to both calanoid and cyclopoid copepod predation can help explain the coexistence and seasonal succession of these co-occurring rotifer species.a 2004F?2004. Physical medium: Printed matter, Internet Journal ArticleyPrey selection; Videotape recordings; Zooplankton; Predation; Brachionus plicatilis; Brachionus rotundiformis; Brachionus ibericus; Arctodiaptomus salinus Freshwater Q1 01483 Species interactions: general60810244dGt CitiesAnalysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences suggests significant molecular differences between Macrodasyida and Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha)hManylov, O. G. Vladychenskaya, N. S. Milyutina, I. A. Kedrova, O. S. Korokhov, N. P. Dvoryanchikov, G. A. Aleshin, V. V. Petrov, N. B.'Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia, [mailto:petr@belozersky.msu.ru]e,%Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionyMol. Phylogen. Evol.303850-854 Mar 1055-7903D>Partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of four macrodasyid and one chaetonotid gastrotrichs were obtained and compared with the available sequences of other gastrotrich species and representatives of various metazoan phyla. Contrary to the earlier molecular data, the gastrotrich sequences did not comprise a monophyletic group but formed two distinct clades, corresponding to the Macrodasyida and Chaetonotida, with the basal position occupied by the sequences of Tetranchyroderma sp. and Xenotrichula sp. respectively. Depending on the taxon sampling and methods of analysis, the two clades were separated by various combinations of clades Rotifera, Gnathostomulida, and Platyhelminthes, and never formed a clade with Nematoda. Thus, monophyly of the Gastrotricha is not confirmed by analysis of the presently available molecular data. 2004Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA, [mailto:apsubs@acad.com], [URL:http://www.academicpress.com] Journal Articlea^XPhylogeny; rRNA 18S; Taxonomy; Genetic diversity; DNA; Cladistics; Meiobenthos; Nucleotide sequence; Chaetonotida; Macrodasyida; Xenotrichula; Tetranchyroderma; Gastrotricha Molecular systematics; 18S rRNA Freshwater; Brackish; Marine G 07260 Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics; Q1 01243 Taxonomy and morphology; G 07360 General5828050  55-71$://000183622100003 Mariottini, G. L. Pane, L.@9Ecology of planktonic heterotrophic flagellates. A review(!Rivista Di Biologia-Biology ForumphaIn aquatic environments heterotrophic flagellates are an important component within the microbial loop and the food web, owing to their involvement in the energy transfer and flux and as an intermediate link between bacteria and primary producers, and greater organisms, such as other protists and metazoan consumers. In the microbial loop heterotrophic flagellates highly contribute to fast biomass and nutrient recycling and to the production in aquatic environments. In fact, these protists consume efficiently viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria and picophytoplankton, and are grazed mainly by other protists, rotifers and small crustaceans. In this paper the knowledge about these unicellular organisms is reviewed, taking into particular account their ecological relationships and trophic role within the plankton community of marine and freshwater environments.  2003Jan-Aprp961oISI:000183622100003a extant darwinuloid genus Alicenula. All other putative dimorphic darwinuloid records from the Mesozoic are re-examined using the same criteria. The hypothesis that these assemblages represent bisexual populations is rejected for all post-Triassic (ca. 208 Myr ago) records.Reproduction; Evolution; Geological time periods Darwinuloidea (Ostracoda); Parthenogenesis; Ancientness of asexuality evaluation; Evolution; Mesozoic ...Ostracoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebratesu 13909003319;P bl2:xjcImpact of perfluorooctanoic acid on the structure of the zooplankton community in indoor microcosmsNGSanderson, Hans Boudreau, Timothy M. Mabury, Scott A. Solomon, Keith R.Aquatic Toxicology623s12 2003227-234 Amsterdam EnglishoThere is presently, a substantial amount of information being gathered concerning the environmental risk associated with the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compound. The aim of this paper was to determine a 35 day community no observable effect concentration (NOECcommunity) or lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) for freshwater zooplankton exposed to PFOA during a study in 30 1 indoor aquatic microcosms. Some significant (P<0.01) temporal fluctuations in zooplankton abundance were observed, however, a NOECcommunity could not be calculated. LOEC for various species varied between 10 and 70 mg 1-1. According to LOEC values, the tentative order of descriptors sensitivity was as follows: Daphnia magna>richness>=Cyclops canthocamptus staphylinus>Cyclops diaptomus>total zooplankton>=Rotifera sp. The long term ecological significance of these temporal fluctuations could not be determined in this study, however, the overall study cessation analysis showed that the structure of the ecosystem was changed from a more diverse community dominated by larger species towards a less diverse community dominated by smaller more and robust species (P<0.05). Additional chronic toxicity testing should also be addressed since these compounds are so persistent and recalcitrant.D>Ecology; Community structure; Population dynamics; Pollution; Abiotic factors Comprehensive Zoology; Relative abundance; Population density; Impact of perfluorooctanoic acid on freshwater zooplankton; Chemical pollution; Chemical factors; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Impact on freshwater zooplankton, microcosm experiments 13910004577d^Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid on the zooplanktonic community@:Sanderson, H. Boudreau, T. M. Mabury, S. A. Solomon, K. R.'Centre for Toxicology, University of Guelph, Bovey Building, Gordon Street, Guelph, Toronto, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1. hsander@uoguelph.caD=Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2004 May, 58(1):68-76 0147-6513|u* Alkanesulfonic Acids: poisoning; Animals; Comparative Study; Daphnia; Data Collection; *Fluorocarbons: poisoning; Food Deprivation; *Models, Theoretical; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; *Octanoic Acids: poisoning; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; *ZooplanktonThis comparative survey summarizes six individual studies on the ecological effects of two common perfluorinated surfactants, PFOS and PFOA, on zooplankton. We compare the test designs and quantify the relative sensitivity and statistical power (1-beta > or = 0.8). The survey compares 30-L indoor microcosm to 12,000-L outdoor microcosm experiments, with 225-mL single species laboratory tests as reference. By this we elucidate the extrapolation of ecological effects in space and complexity. Generally, zooplankton had lower tolerance toward PFOS than toward PFOA. With increasing concentrations the zooplankton community became simplified toward more robust rotifer species, which, as an indirect effect, increased their abundance due to a shift in competition and predation. The statistical power of the designs exhibits inverse proportionality between complexity and realism, indoor microcosm>outdoor microcosm. Surprisingly, the 30-L study had a lower LOEC value for Daphnia magna than the laboratory chronic test, indicating that D. magna and D. pulicaria were not the most sensitive species and that laboratory tests are not always conservative relative to microcosm experiments. Food scarcity due to phytotoxicity was not the reason for the difference. 2004$Journal Article United Statese15087165Comparative population growth and life table demography of the rotifer Asplanchna girodi at different prey (Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus havanaensis) (Rotifera) densities60Sarma, S. S. S. Pavon-Meza, E. Lucia Nandini, S. Hydrobiologiad 491d 2003309-320dEnglish Population growth and life table demography of the predatory rotifer A. girodi using spineless Brachionus calyciflorus and spined Brachionus havanaensis as prey at densities of 1, 2, 4 and 8 ind. ml-1 at 25[degree]C were studied. Regardless of the prey species, the population of A. girodi increased with increasing availability of Brachionus in the medium. At any given prey density, A. girodi fed B. calyciflorus showed consistently better growth than when fed B. havanaensis. The maximum population densities of A. girodi varied from 0.28 to 1.8 ind. ml-1 depending on the prey species and the density. The rate of population increase observed in population growth studies varied from 0.17 to 0.43 day-1 when fed B. calyciflorus and 0.09 to 0.27 day-1 when fed B. havanaensis. Male population of A. girodi was closely related to female density. The lowest average lifespan was observed for A. girodi when fed B. havanaensis at 1 ind. ml-1, while the converse was the case when fed B. calyciflorus at comparable prey concentration. Net reproductive rates varied from 16 to 26 offspring female-1 lifespan-1 depending on the prey species and concentration. Generation time of A. girodi decreased with increasing food concentrations for both the prey species. The rates of population increase obtained from life table demography were lower for A. girodi when fed B. havanaensis than when fed B. calyciflorus.Nutrition; Diet; Prey; Life cycle and development; Ecology; Population dynamics; Predators Asplanchna girodi (Rotifera); Rotiferan prey; Brachionus; Predator population growth & life table demography at different prey densities, laboratory study; Food availability; Life cycle; Life history variables; Population dynamics; Population growth & life table demography; Life tables; Life table demography Brachionus calyciflorus; Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera ); Population density; Rotiferan predators; Asplanchna girodi; Predator population growth & life table demography at different prey densities, laboratory study ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13911004523\ 0~Effects of diuron and other aerially applied cotton herbicides and defoliants on the plankton communities of aquaculture ponds(!Perschbacher, P. W. Ludwig, G. M..'University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Aquaculture/Fisheries Center, POB 4912, 1700 N. University, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA, [mailto:pperschbacher@uaex.edu] Aquaculture Aquaculturec 233e 1-4i197-203d 26 Apr 0044-8486 HBSeven aerially applied cotton herbicides and defoliants were tested for possible adverse impacts on pond phytoplankton and zooplankton and critical water quality variables. Treatments simulated direct spraying of ponds and high and low amounts of drift judged able to reach the pond, 1/10 and 1/100 direct rates, respectively. The study was conducted in twelve 500-l outdoor pool mesocosms filled with pond water from an adjacent goldfish Carassius auratus culture pond. Plankton and water quality samples were taken just prior to application and at 24 and 48 h after application. Sampling for chemicals showing effects were continued approximately weekly until oxygen levels in drift treatments returned to no significant difference from control. Chemicals tested and direct rates (kg active ingredient ha super(-1)) were diuron as herbicide (1.4), paraquat (0.83), quizalofop (0.05), dimethipin (0.15), diuron as defoliant (0.1675), ethephon (0.176), tribufos (0.99) and sodium chlorate (5.28). Except for the diuron compounds, the cotton herbicides and defoliants produced no measurable impacts on pond plankton or associated water quality. Following application on March 5 of diuron, used as an herbicide, chlorophyll a levels and photosynthesis were significantly depressed in relation to diuron concentration. Recovery occurred slowly, and at the high drift dosage by week 3 morning oxygen levels returned to near control levels, although chlorophyll a levels were 1/3 the control. However, the off-flavor cyanobacterium, Anabaena laevendri, was essentially eliminated by week 3; and pH and thus un-ionized ammonia were much lower in high drift treatments. Copepod adult and nauplii zooplankton levels were depressed at week 2. However, rotifer numbers increased in the low drift treatment in weeks 3 and 4 and those of copepod nauplii in week 3. Fall application of diuron, as a defoliant at 1/10 the spring rate, produced similar effects when compared by concentration. The main adverse impact of diuron drift is on dissolved oxygen levels and can be anticipated by provision of adequate aeration capacity. 2004$Elsevier B.V. Journal ArticleAir pollution; Agricultural pollution; Pollution effects; Herbicides; Vegetation cover; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Freshwater crustaceans; Fish ponds; Freshwater pollution; Fish culture; Pond culture; Diuron; Defoliants; Plankton; Algae; Aquaculture; Anabaena laevendri; Cyanophyta; Carassius auratus; USA, Arkansas Defoliants; Cotton herbicides; Agrochemicals; Goldfish Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; Q1 01582 Fish culture; Q3 01582 Fish culture; K 03063 Effects of physical & chemical factors5933453 lower densities in nutrient-limited media. The life history responses of Keratella to food quality were examined with low and high food availability. Our study showed that the interaction of food quantity and quality had a significant effect on rotifer growth rates. We observed, at low food levels, that Keratella growth rates were highest when the algae were grown under P limitation. The lowest rotifer growth rates were obtained when the rotifer fed on Cryptomonas grown in nutrient-sufficient conditions. Our study also showed that starvation resistance was higher for those rotifers fed on N-limited Cryptomonas. In natural situations, rotifers could even grow better under nutrient-limited conditions if this group of algae is dominant in the phytoplankton community. Moreover, differences in starvation resistance could be critical in determining competitive outcome and community structure in nutrient-variable environments.HBNutrition; Diet; Prey; Life cycle and development; Development; Growth; Ecology; Predators Cryptomonas (Cryptomonadida); Rotiferan predators; Keratella cochlearis; Nutrient limitation effects on predator life history & starvation resistance Keratella cochlearis (Rotifera); Protozoan prey; Cryptomonas; Nutrient limitation effects on predator life history & starvation resistance; Starvation; Food availability; Life cycle; Life history; Growth rate ...Cryptomonadida; Phytomastigophorea; Mastigophora; Sarcomastigophora; Protozoa ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifers 13906004354e=`YVibrio rotiferianus sp. nov., isolated from cultures of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis>8Gomez-Gil, B. Thompson, F. L. Thompson, C. C. Swings, J.HAInternational Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiologyt531 January  2003239-243iEnglishyFive Gram-negative bacterial strains, oxidase-positive, motile by means of more than one polar flagella, facultative anaerobe, arginine dihydrolase-negative, lysine- and ornithine decarboxylase-positive, sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129, were isolated from a flow-through rotifer culture system in Gent, Belgium, and previously characterized by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism. Comparison of the 16S rDNA sequence of strain LMG 21460T indicated close relationships ([approximately]99% similarity) to Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. However, DNA hybridization experiments revealed similarity values below 70% with its closest species V. campbellii and V. harveyi. Additionally, the analysed strains differ from related Vibrio species by the utilization of melibiose and production of acid from L-arabinose and amygdalin. Among the strains analysed, differences were observed in some phenotypic characters, particularly susceptibility to ampicillin, polymyxin B and amikacin, and urease activity. The major fatty acids identified were 16:0, 18:1[omega]7c, 14:0, 12:0 3-OH and 18:0. Vibrio rotiferianus sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain LMG 21460T (=CAIM 577T); it has a DNA G+C content of 44.5[plus or minus]0.01 mol%.Associations Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera); Associations; Vibrio rotiferanus (bacterium); New associate species ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13905001839 V DN Journal of Freshwater Ecology83Journal of Freshwater Ecology [J. Freshwat. Ecol.].Journal of Morphology Journal of Natural HistoryJournal of PaleolimnologyJournal of Phycology Journal of Plankton Research40Journal of Plankton Research [J. Plankton Res.].41Journal of the Egyptian German Society of Zoology,(Journal of the World Aquaculture Society4.Korean Journal of Limnology 36 1 Serial Number$Letters in Applied Microbiology Limnologica Limnology Limnology and Oceanography4/Limnology and Oceanography [Limnol. Oceanogr.].$Lipids, 2004 Mar, 39(3):215-22$Marine and Freshwater ResearchMarine Biology84Marine ecology progress series Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.<7Marine Ecology Progress Series [Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.].$Marine Ecology-Progress Series$Molecular Biology and Evolution(%Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution@=Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2004 Nov, 33(2):440-510+Nature Environment and Pollution Technology$Nature Genetics [Nat. Genet.].Nature [Nature]Naturwissenschaften,)Naturwissenschaften [Naturwissenschaften]Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi`ZOceanologia et limnologia sinica/Haiyang Yu Huzhao Oceanol. Limnol. Sin./Haiyang Yu Huzhao OecologiaOikos4/Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology PalaeoecologyPedobiologia Pedobiologia\VPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences$Photochemistry and Photobiology Plankton Biology and Ecology Polar Biology Polar Biology [Polar Biol.].Polish Journal of Ecology<6Proceedings of the Entomological Society of WashingtonProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004 Feb 10, 101(6):1618-21. Epub: 2004 Jan 27~Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004 Feb 10, 101(6):1622-5. Epub: 2004 Jan 27}Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004 Mar 2, 101(9):2651-2. Epub: 2004 Feb 23@=Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series BLGProceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological SciencestqProceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci.xtProceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences [Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci.].LIProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences@:Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional PaperHCRevista Brasileira De Zootecnia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science$River Research and Applications83River Research and Applications [River Res. Appl.].$!Rivista Di Biologia-Biology Forum Sarsia Sarsia$ Science of the Total EnvironmentScientia Marina$Shanghai Shuichan Daxue Xuebao,'Southeastern Naturalist Southeast. Nat.(#Systematic and Applied MicrobiologyDAThe Science of the total environment, 2004 Jul 5, 327(1-3):123-34(%Tissue & cell, 2004 Jun, 36(3):189-95 Trends in Ecology & Evolution Turkish Journal of ZoologyWater research<8Water Resources/Vodnye Resursy Water Resour./Vod. Resur.heWater science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research|wWater science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2004, 50(5):23-885Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Water, Air, Soil Pollut. WetlandsYingyong Shengtai XuebaoZoological ResearchZoological Studies$!Zoological Studies [Zool. Stud.].Zoologischer Anzeiger Zoomorphology2haStudy on response-species of zooplankton to the seasonal changes of precipitation and temperature 2+Song, Young Hee Lee, Wonchoel Kwak, Inn-Sils4.Korean Journal of Limnology 36 1 Serial Number 102 2003 9-20 KoreanxqEcology; Abiotic factors; Physical factors; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Protozoa; Rotifera; Community structure; Responses to seasonal changes in temperature & precipitation; Distribution within habitat; Temporal distribution patterns; Climate and weather; Precipitation; Temperature; Species responses to seasonal changes; South Korea; Han River; Species responses to seasonal temperature & precipitation changes Cladocera; Copepoda; Community structure; Responses to seasonal changes in temperature & precipitation; Distribution within habitat; Temporal distribution patterns; Climate and weather; Precipitation; Temperature; South Korea; Han River; Species responses to seasonal temperature & precipitation changes ...Protozoa ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Protozoans; Rotifersa 13908004891INorganismsf_Effects of cypermethrin on marine plankton communities: a simulated field study using mesocosmsy4-Medina, M. Barata, C. Telfer, T. Baird, D. J.e'~wEnvironment Group, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. mmedina@bio.puc.clD>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2004 Jun, 58(2):236-45 0147-6513Animals; Biodiversity; Copepoda: drug effects; Ecology: instrumentation; *Ecology: methods; *Insecticides: toxicity; *Phytoplankton: drug effects; Phytoplankton: physiology; Population Density; Pyrethrins: analysis; *Pyrethrins: toxicity; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Risk Assessment; Rotifera: drug effects; Seawater; Water Pollutants, Chemical: analysis; *Water Pollutants, Chemical: toxicity; *Zooplankton: drug effects; Zooplankton: physiology81In earlier single-species toxicity tests we showed the negative effects on the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa upon exposure to cypermethrin, a pesticide used in treatment for sea lice in salmon farming. In the present study we assessed effects at a higher level of biological organization and under a more realistic exposure scenario using mesocosms. The results showed that simulated field studies (SFSs) could be conducted with the mesocosms designed here. When cypermethrin was applied inside these mesocosms, its concentration decreased exponentially following a first-order kinetics model. The pesticide immediately reduced zooplankton density and biodiversity not only directly, by killing copepods, but also indirectly, by increasing the numbers of rotifers. Zooplankton density recovered after treatment, but zooplankton biodiversity remained altered. In an open environment, however, the rapid dissipation of the pesticide, coupled with population processes of compensation, migration, and immigration, may lead to recovery of the affected zooplankton communities. 2004$Journal Article United States15157578B659-660$://000186639400018JZTGomez-Marquez, J. L. Pena-Mendoza, B. Salagado-Ugarte, I. H. Hernandez-Aviles, J. S.RKZooplankton in Lake Coatetelco, a eutrophic shallow tropical lake in Mexicoe$Journal of Freshwater EcologyclfZooplankton from Lake Coatetelco, a shallow tropical reservoir in Morelos State, Mexico, was surveyed monthly through one year. The entire zooplankton community was represented by only five species, with the calanoid Arctodiaptomus dorsalis overwhelmingly dominant throughout the year. A cyclopoid copepod species, one cladoceran species, and two species of rotifers completed the zooplankton. Although some seasonal fluctuations were noted, zooplankton abundance did not appear related to simple physiocochemical parameters; however, there was a general inverse relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton. 2003 Dec 184hISI:000186639400018s225-227$://0001853706000030)Grad, G. Burnett, B. J. Williamson, C. E.D>UV damage and photoreactivation: Timing and age are everything&Photochemistry and PhotobiologyeAquatic organisms, ranging from bacteria to fish, living in clear lakes are presently receiving damaging levels of UV radiation. Photoreactivation is a light-dependent mechanism by which some organisms deal with DNA damage caused by UV radiation. Yet, photoreactivation is a mechanism that confounds long-term predictive modeling of UV effects on the survival of these organisms. Here we show that a short-lived rotifer species, Asplanchna girodi, previously thought to have little to no photoreactivation, does indeed have a significant amount of it. The ability to undergo photoreactivation in A. girodi is dependent on age and becomes apparent only after several days of observation after UV exposure. 2003 Seps783nISI:000185370600003e531-539$://000228920500013 >7Gray, D. K. Bailey, S. A. Duggan, I. C. MacIsaac, H. J.t|uViability of invertebrate diapausing eggs exposed to saltwater: implications for Great Lakes' ship ballast managementgBiological InvasionsvpInternational shipping has been the dominant vector of nonindigenous species introductions to the Laurentian Great Lakes over the past century. Apparent ballast-mediated invasions have been recorded in recent years, despite the implementation of voluntary ballast water exchange regulations in 1989. Since unregulated 'no-ballast-on-board' vessels currently dominate inbound traffic to the Great Lakes, it has been proposed that live or dormant organisms contained in residual ballast of these vessels may be partially responsible for recent invasions. Alternatively, euryhaline species may pose a significant invasion threat because they can potentially survive ballast exchange. In this study, we explored whether exposure to open-ocean water (32&PTSTHOUSND;) reduced the viability of invertebrate diapausing eggs in ballast sediments. Sediments collected from three transoceanic ships and from three freshwater habitats were exposed to open-ocean seawater. Egg viability, assessed as the abundance of taxa hatched between exposed and unexposed sediments, was not affected by saltwater exposure in any experiment. Species richness of hatched diapausing eggs was reduced by saltwater exposure in only one of seven trials. Our results indicate that oligostenohaline zooplankton may pose an invasion risk because their diapausing eggs are largely resistant to exposure to open-ocean saltwater. May  20057l3yISI:000228920500013orkAssociations of planktonic and periphytic rotifers in a tropical swamp, the Okavango Delta, Southern Africa Green, J. Hydrobiologia  490f 2003197-209-EnglishrThe Okavango Delta has an annual flood cycle that spreads slowly from the northwestern 'panhandle' into a widening delta to the southeast. Rotifers were sampled from areas where the flood was active, and from other areas not yet reached by the flood. In still waters, the samples were dominated by euplanktonic rotifers, particularly of the genera Brachionus, Keratella and Hexarthra, with about 20 species per 1000 individuals at a station. Where the water was moving the samples were dominated by periphytic rotifers, with over 100 species per 1000 individuals at a single station. The periphytic species were dominated by the genus Lecane, with over 45 species, followed by Lepadella with 24 species, and Trichocerca with 23 species. Comparison of the Okavango with six other tropical localities reveals fairly consistent ratios of the numbers of species in the periphytic genera Lecane, Lepadella and Trichocerca, indicating that there may be assembly rules for communities of tropical periphytic rotifers.Associations; Ecology; Habitat; Semiaquatic habitat; Land and freshwater zones; Ethiopian region Rotifera; Associations; Community structure; Swamp; Botswana; Okavango Delta; Associations of planktonic & periphytic taxa, tropical swamp ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifersw 13908001944eion growth, body size, and egg size of freshwater rotifer Brachionus rubens(!Geng, Hong Xi, Yilong Hu, HaoyuanYingyong Shengtai Xuebao145  Maye 2003753-756;ChineserThe effects of food component and concentration on the population growth, body size, and egg size of freshwater rotifer Brachionus rubens were studied using population accumulative culture method. The results showed that there were very significant effects of food component and concentration on the population growth rate, body volume and egg volume. Among three types of algal food, the population growth rate of rotifers fed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa was lowest, and that fed with Scenedesmus obliquus was the highest. Rotifers fed with C. pyrenoidosa had the smallest body volume, but there were no significant difference between the two others. The relationship between population growth rate and food concentrations was curvilinear, and it could be described as Y=-0.0040 X2+0.0409 X+0.4471. The body and egg volumes tended to be smaller, when the food concentrations were higher than 6.0x106 cells[center dot]ml-1 and or lower than 3.0x106 cells[center dot]ml-1.LFBiometrics; Nutrition; Diet; Reproduction; Ecology Brachionus rubens (Rotifera); Size; Food plants; Chlorella pyrenoidosa & Scenedesmus obliquus; Diet composition & availability, body size, egg size & population growth effects; Food availability; Egg; Population dynamics; Population growth ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13910001792bGvoEnvironmental and endogenous control of sexuality in a rotifer life cycle: developmental and population biologyGilbert, John J.Evolution & Development51January-February 2003 19-24rEnglishr,&Induction of mictic females, and hence initiation of sexuality, in the life cycle of some Brachionus requires an environmental stimulus associated with crowding. The inducing stimulus appears to be a taxonomically specific chemical released into the environment by the rotifers. Oocytes are induced to develop into mictic females before they are oviposited by their amictic mothers and begin cleavage divisions. Thus, the inducer affects the oocyte in the maternal body cavity either directly or indirectly by altering the physiology of its mother. The level of sexual reproduction expressed in populations of a Florida strain of B. calyciflorus is controlled by two types of endogenous factors and by the degree of crowding. First, some fraction of genetically identical oocytes in a clonal population fails to respond to even extreme crowding conditions, thus ensuring some potential for continued population growth by female parthenogenesis. Second, the propensity of amictic females to produce mictic daughters is extremely low when they hatch from fertilized resting eggs and then gradually increases to an asymptote after about 12 parthenogenetic generations. This multigenerational parental effect likely is due to a cytoplasmic factor in fertilized eggs that inhibits expression of the mictic-female phenotype and that is gradually diluted in successive parthenogenetic generations. The effect may increase a clone's genetic contribution to the resting-egg bank by increasing its population size through parthenogenetic generations before mictic females are induced.Reproduction; Life cycle and development; Genetics; Ecology; Population dynamics; Land and freshwater zones; Nearctic region; North America; USA Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera); Reproduction; Sexual reproduction; Life cycle; Phenotype; Population density; Florida; Gainesville; Mictic female phenotype expression, population density & endogenous factors effects ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13910001825[ *Z tAnalysis of planktonic community structure and trophic interactions using refined isotopic signatures determined by combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry&Pel, R. Floris, V. Hoogveld, H.'Centre for Limnology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, KNAW, Postbus 1299, 3600 BG Maarssen The Netherlands, [mailto:pel19@kabelfoon.nl]rFreshwater biologyFreshwat. Biol.n495 546-562m 0046-5070x|Thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation of cellular lipids, by means of Curie-point pyrolysis of intact whole cells in the presence of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide reagent, provided analytical access (pyrolysis-gas chromatography; Py-GC) to the very small amounts of algal carbon delivered by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Based on differences in pigment composition, population-specific in situ fatty acid profiles could be obtained of the major taxa present in the phytoplankton of Lake Loosdrecht (The Netherlands). By combining Py-GC and compound-specific isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (Py-GC-IRMS) the in situ carbon isotopic signatures could be established of the fatty acid profiles retrieved by flow cytometry. Colonial phytoplankton not amenable to cell sorting and zooplankton specimens were also isotopically characterised with this technique by subjecting handpicked samples to pyrolytic methylation. In this way proxies could be obtained in great detail for isotopic end-members delineating important carbon sources and sinks in the pelagic food web of Lake Loosdrecht. These analyses suggested a significant isotopic heterogeneity among major representatives of the phytoplankton in Lake Loosdrecht. This heterogeneity was also reflected in the isotopic composition of the zooplankton, implying the occurrence of preferential grazing. A differential labelling of the phytoplankton using super(13)C-CO sub(2) in a laboratory confinement, and subsequent monitoring of label transfer to the zooplankton, corroborated selective feeding in some rotifer species. The large-bodied rotifer Asplanchna, previously thought to be predaceous, apparently mainly fed on algae rather than small rotifers, whereas Euchlanis dilatata actively selected filamentous cyanobacteria. Flow cytometric cell sorting in concert with Py-GC-IRMS offers new possibilities in carbon isotope-based food web studies. 2004F?2004. Physical medium: Printed matter, Internet Journal ArticleCells; Fatty acids; Biomarkers; Plankton surveys; Pyrolysis; Isotopes; Community composition; Trophic relationships; Netherlands, Loosdrecht L. Freshwater Q1 01461 Plankton6081031zThe effect of light intensity on first feeding of the spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) larvaeZTPena, R. Dumas, S. Saldivar-Lucio, R. Garcia, G. Trasvina, A. Hernandez-Ceballos, D.'Unidad Piloto de Maricultivos, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur. 23096, Mexico, [mailto:blacklarvae@hotmail.com]Aquaculture ResearchAquacult. Res.354l345-349  Mari 1355-557XeThe effects of light intensity on feeding incidence and prey consumption at first feeding of spotted sand bass larvae (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus Steindachner), using four light intensity treatments (0, 100, 400, and 700 lx) were evaluated. Specimens were fed the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis at a density of 3 rotifers mL super(-1). One hour after the addition of prey, 30 plus or minus 3 (mean plus or minus SEM) larvae were sampled from each treatment aquarium. Feeding incidence was evaluated as the percentage of larvae with prey in the digestive tract. Feeding intensity was measured as the number of prey in the digestive tract of the larvae. Histological analysis was carried out to describe the eye structure at the time of first feeding. Larvae fed in darkness (0 lx) had a significantly lower (P<0.05) feeding incidence (1.2 plus or minus 2.2%) and intensity (0.4 plus or minus 0.7 rotifers larvae super(-1)) than those larvae fed at 100 (28 plus or minus 11%, 1.8 plus or minus 0.2 rotifers larvae super(-1)), 400 (48 plus or minus 10%, 2.4 plus or minus 0.3 rotifers larvae super(-1)), and 700 lx (52 plus or minus 4%, 2.4 plus or minus 0.1 rotifers larvae super(-1)). Feeding incidence of the spotted sand bass larvae increased with light intensity while the feeding intensity showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between light treatments. Histological analysis of the eye structure showed that first feeding larvae had well-formed lens along with a retina composed of pure single cones as photoreceptors.n 2004,%Blackwell Science Ltd Journal ArticledEnvironmental factors; Light effects; Light intensity; Fish larvae; Food consumption; Feeding behaviour; Brachionus plicatilis; Paralabrax maculatofasciatus Spotted sand bass; First feeding Q1 01582 Fish culture; Q3 01582 Fish culture; O 5060 Aquaculture5948002ngPhospholipase A2 activity in three species of littoral freshwater rotifers exposed to several toxicants>7Perez-Legaspi, Ignacio Alejandro Rico-Martinez, Roberto,&Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry2210October 2003 2349-2353Englishb\We analyzed three species of Lecane, a littoral rotifer, for susceptibility to six metals and four organic toxicants using a fluorometric assay based on inhibition of activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2. The metallic toxicants that we tested included Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg (as HgCl2), and Ti; the organic toxicants included benzene, ethyl acetate, toluene, and vinyl acetate. The three species differed greatly with respect to their susceptibility to the various toxicants. Lecane quadridentata, for example, was particularly sensitive to the four organic compounds (median effective concentration values [EC50] ranged from 6.6x10-4-0.987 mg/L). Lecane luna, in contrast, seemed particularly sensitive to metals (EC50 values ranged from 2x10-6-1.92 mg/L). Lecane hamata was relatively insensitive to organic solvents (EC50 values ranged from 4.25-126.5 mg/L).0)Biochemistry; Proteins; Pollution; Abiotic factors; Chemical factors Lecane hamata; Lecane luna; Lecane quadridentata (Rotifera ); Pollutants; Enzymes; Phospholipase A2 activity; Pollution; Metals & organic compounds; Chemical factors; Organic compounds; Metals ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifersa 13912002770n |An experimental study of the effects of nutrient supply and Chaoborus predation on zooplankton communities of a shallow tropical reservoir (Lake Brobo, Cote d'Ivoire)lePagano, Marc Koffi, Maryse Aka Cecchi, Philippe Corbin, Daniel Champalbert, Gisele Saint-Jean, LucienwFreshwater Biology488o August 2003 1379-1395iEnglishr1. Based on two mesocosm experiments and 10 in vitro predation experiments, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of nutrient supply and Chaoborus predation on the structure of the zooplankton community in a small reservoir in Cote d'Ivoire. 2. During the first mesocosm experiment (M1), P enrichment had no effect on phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) but significantly increased the biomass of some herbivorous zooplankton species (Filinia sp, Ceriodaphnia affinis). During the second experiment (M2), N and P enrichment greatly increased phytoplankton biomass, rotifers and cladocerans (C. affinis, C. cornuta, Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma excisum). In both experiments, nutrient addition had a negative impact on cyclopoid copepods. 3. Larger zooplankton, such as cladocerans or copepodites and adults of Thermocyclops sp., were significantly reduced in enclosures with Chaoborus in both mesocosm experiments, whereas there was no significant reduction of rotifers and copepod nauplii. This selective predation by Chaoborus shaped the zooplankton community and modified its size structure. In addition, a significant Chaoborus effect on chlorophyll a was shown in both experiments. 4. The preference of Chaoborus for larger prey was confirmed in the predation experiments. Cladocerans D. excisum and M. micrura were the most selected prey. Rotifer abundance was not significantly reduced in any of the 10 experiments performed. 5. In conclusion, both bottom-up and top-down factors may exert a structuring control on the zooplankton community. Nutrients favoured more strictly herbivorous taxa and disadvantaged the cyclopoid copepods. Chaoborus predation had a strong direct negative impact on larger crustaceans, favoured small herbivores (rotifer, nauplii) and seemed to cascade down to phytoplankton.Nutrition; Diet; Ecology; Trophic structure; Population dynamics; Predators; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Ethiopian region Comprehensive Zoology; Food availability; Biomass; Food webs; Nutrient supply & dipteran predation effects on zooplankton in shallow tropical reservoir; Community structure; Population density; Insect predators; Chaoborus (Diptera); Predation & nutrient supply effects on zooplankton community in shallow tropical reservoir; Reservoir; Shallow tropical reservoir; Zooplankton community structure; Ivory Coast; Bouake; Lake Brobo; Zooplankton in shallow tropical reservoir, effects of nutrient supply & dipteran predation Chaoborus (Chaoboridae); Prey; Food webs; Reservoir; Shallow tropical reservoir; Ivory Coast; Bouake; Lake Brobo; Zooplankton predation & nutrient supply effects in shallow tropical reservoir ...Chaoboridae; Nematocera; Diptera; Insecta Arthropods; Dipterans/True Flies; Insects; Invertebrates 13910003970/ fRotifers from diapausing, fertilized eggs: Unique features and emergence"Gilbert, J. J. Schroeder, T.'RLDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA Limnology and OceanographyLimnol. Oceanogr.s494, pt. 2 1341-1354o Juln 0024-3590 0)Sexual reproduction in cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers results in the production of Females from resting eggs and parthenogenetic eggs in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus: lipid droplets, starvation resistance and reproduction Gilbert, J. J.'}Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA, [mailto:John.J.Gilbert@Dartmouth.edu]Freshwater biologyFreshwat. Biol.4911 1505-1515p 0046-5070aIn the heterogonic life cycle of monogonont rotifers, amictic (female-producing) females develop from two types of eggs: fertilised resting (diapausing) eggs and parthenogenetic subitaneous eggs. Females hatched from resting eggs initiate clonal populations by female parthenogenesis and are called stem females. This study compares females from resting and parthenogenetic eggs that were produced under identical culture conditions and were of similar birth order. Newborn stem females had many more lipid droplets in their tissues than similar-sized, newborn females from parthenogenetic eggs. When neonates were stained with Nile Red and viewed under epifluorescent illumination, these droplets were shown to be sites of neutral-lipid storage products. Stem females had no posterolateral spines and short anterior spines, while their mothers and offspring in subsequent, parthenogenetic generations typically had long posterolateral spines and elongated anterior spines. Newborn stem females survived starvation significantly longer than newborn females from parthenogenetic eggs. When females from resting and parthenogenetic eggs were cultured from birth to death at a high food concentration, the reproductive potential (r day super(-1)) of the stem females was significantly higher (0.82-0.88 versus 0.70), primarily because of egg production at an earlier age. The mean lifetime fecundity (R sub(o)) of stem females was significantly greater than that of females from parthenogenetic eggs. Extensive lipid reserves should increase the ability of stem females to colonise new habitats. Firstly, compared with females from parthenogenetic eggs, stem females are more likely to experience starvation or food limitation. Resting eggs hatch in response to physical and chemical factors that are not directly related to food availability, and from sediments that may be far from food-rich surface waters. Secondly, when food is abundant, stem females have a greater reproductive potential 2004F?2004. Physical medium: Printed matter, Internet Journal ArticleColonization; Diapause; Biological fertilization; Eggs; Life cycle; Parthenogenesis; Lipids; Brachionus calyciflorus Freshwater Q1 01244 Reproduction and development6081961young animal begins to feed by producing filtering currents, and also starts to build its own tube. Here we report 4 new morphological details regarding this species. (1) A specialized epidermal groove is present on the trunk in front of the cloaca. (2) A small hole is located in the center of the inner surface of each pellet of the tube. (3) The muscles inside the foot are U-shaped in transverse section. (4) The size of the trophi remains unchanged during growth of the juvenile into an adult. EnglishzsEffect of temperature on resting egg formation of the tropical SS-type rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis TschugunofftJCAssavaaree, Mavit Hagiwara, Atsushi Kogane, Takayuki Arimoto, MisaoeFisheries Sciencee693i June 2003520-528g Tokyo EnglishrTropical minute rotifer strains (SS-type) induce mixis at 30-35[degree]C but sexual reproduction and resting egg formation do not proceed well due to rapid environmental change. The present study examined the effect of temperature regulation on rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (Langkawi strain, SS-type) resting egg formation in small (500 mL in culture volume)- and large-scale (500 L in culture volume) experiments. Rotifers were cultured at 30[degree]C in 15-17 p.p.t. seawater with an initial density of 1 individual (ind.)/mL. After 4 days, when cultures were in exponential growth stage with active mixis induction, the culture temperature of the experimental rotifers was changed to 25[degree]C. Control rotifers were cultured at 30[degree]C throughout the experiment. Fresh or frozen Nannochloropsis oculata and condensed freshwater Chlorella vulgaris were used as the rotifer diets in the small- and large-scale experiments, respectively. Significantly higher resting egg production was observed with the experimental rotifers (30[forward arrow]25[degree]C) versus the control rotifers. In the large-scale trial, experimental rotifers produced 2.6 x 106 resting eggs during a 9-day experiment, which was 1.6-fold more than the control rotifers. Moreover, the efficiency of resting egg formation was found to increase by a factor of 1.8. The present study indicates that decreasing culture temperature from 30 to 25[degree]C after active mixis increased resting egg formation in B. rotundiformis (SS-type).oReproduction; Life cycle and development; Development; Abiotic factors; Physical factors Brachionus rotundiformis (Rotifera); Egg; Temperature effect; Diapause; Resting egg formation; Temperature ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13909000240e i)Shrimp cultureSibling speciesSididae (Cladocera )Sididae (Cladocera) significanceSigny Simocephalus,'Simocephalus Schoedler 1858 (Cladocera) simoneae<6Simulation model of molluscan filter feeders impact on Simulium vittatum (Diptera)$Simulium vittatum (Simuliidae)SizeSize distributionSize variation SkeletonemaSmaller arthropod groupsSmaller vermiform groups Smittium SnooksSoil Soil habitatSoil MicrobiologySoil microorganismsSoil pollutionSoil: analysisSolea senegalensisSouth South America South KoreaSouth Orkney IslandsSouth Victoria Land Southeastspacer regionsSpain,(Spain, Valencia, Valencia, Xeresa Marsh, Sparus aurata SpatialSpatial & seasonal(%Spatial & seasonal plankton variation$Spatial & seasonal variation in84Spatial & seasonal variation in plankton community &HBSpatial & seasonal variation in plankton community in coastal zoneSpatial heterogeneity<7spatial overlaps with piscean predators & phytoplankton(#spatial overlaps with plankton preySpatiotemporal($Spatiotemporal distribution patterns Speciesspecies & subspecies Species colonizing sedimentsSpecies compositionSpecies diversity0+Species diversity of planktonic & epiphytic4.Species diversity pattern relationships, river Species diversity patterns,(%Species responses to seasonal changes,)Species responses to seasonal temperatureSpecies richness Spirotrichia Spitsbergenspot syndrome virusSpotted sand bass Spring water springsSt St LawrenceSt Lawrence River stages Starvationstarvation resistancestationary phase statistics statusStephanodiscus Sterolsstevensoni (Ostracoda ) stigmatophoraStomach content StrainsStratification Streams structure82structure & checklists, site comparisons, wetlandsstructure relations@=structure, geographical & seasonal variation, microplanktonic studiesStylonychia mytilusSub-alpine environments subcapitata subgenera Substrata successionSuccession in habitats0*Suitability of PHYTO PAM fluorometer basedSulfates: analysis Sulfides SulphidesSummer biomass, planktonSummer dynamicsSupplementation Supplies Supply supply & dipteran predation Support,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S.$Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. SurvivalSurvival Analysis Suspension SvalbardSW 0810 General SW 0850 Lakes SW 3020 Sources and fate of SW 3030 SW 3030 Effects of pollution,&SW 3040 Wastewater treatment processesSwamp Symbion SynchaetaSynchaeta littoralis$Synchaeta verrucosa (Rotifera ) Syndermata Synura Systematicssystematics & new recordtable demographyTAG Tamil Nadu Tardigrada Tardigradestaxa TaxonomyTaxonomy and morphology Techniques0-techniques, analysis using genomic signatures Temperate$temperate climate significance TemperatureTemperature effectTemperature effectsTemperature requirements$Temporal distribution patternsTemporal variationsTerrestrial habitatTest organisms TestingTesting Procedures Testis: anatomy & histologyTestsTetrahymena: drug$!Tetrahymena: growth & developmentTetranchyroderma TetraselmisTetraselmis chui tetratheleTexas ThailandanktonLakes627-634$://00018532110001782Guisande, C. Bartumeus, F. Ventura, M. Catalan, J.ZTRole of food partitioning in structuring the zooplankton community in mountain lakes OecologialfTrophic-niche differentiation is often cited as a main factor in structuring zooplankton assemblages, although field evidence for this is rarely presented. The study was based on a survey of 29 Pyrenean lakes with altitudes ranging between 1,875 and 2,990 m carried out during July and August 2000. Because of the oligotrophic nature of these lakes, we aimed to confirm that food partitioning is a major factor in shaping zooplankton assemblages. We analysed the amino acid composition of six cladocera and seven copepod species. A discriminant analysis showed that each species could be distinguished according to its amino acid composition. A negative relationship between amino acid differentiation and co-occurrence among the cladocera and cyclopoid copepod was observed. In contrast, calanoids did not show any relationship and were characterised by a high amino acid differentiation between species. As the differences in the amino acid composition among zooplankton species indicate distinct food sources, the relationship found indicates that trophic-niche differentiation plays a key role in determining the assemblage of these zooplankton communities. Therefore exploitative competition, either at present or in the past by driving co-evolutionary histories, has been a significant factor in structuring the cladocera and cyclopoid communities in these oligotrophic lakes. 2003 Augl 136 4 ISI:000185321100017i ^101-111$://000228542000009oSerrano, L. Fahd, K.voZooplankton communities across a hydroperiod gradient of temporary ponds in th 63-82$://000186235100005& Waeervagen, S. B. Nilssen, J. P.^WMajor changes in pelagic rotifers during natural and forced recovery from acidification HydrobiologiaoRLPelagic rotifers were studied in lakes with contrasting acidification histories situated in an acid-stressed region of southern Norway. Life histories and spatial distribution varied considerably between the investigated species, and influenced the recovery processes. Most headwater lakes have experienced strongly acidified environments during the last five decades, whereas lakes close to the Skagerrak coast have been stable within the same period. Rotifer diversity and abundance were reduced in the most acidic sites and increased towards the coast. Most surveyed species are known to possess sediment egg-banks, and after chemical recovery most rotifers dispersed into the plankton from these egg-banks and produced viable populations. Some species of the genera Polyarthra and Collotheca, and the species Kellicotta longispina and Keratella serrulata showed a striking ability to tolerate acidification, and were the dominant taxa in the acidmost environments. K. serrulata characterised, but did not numerically dominate, acid rotifer communities especially in the most coloured sites, and decreased following liming. The predominantly bacteriophageous genus Conochilus exploded in numbers shortly after liming, most probably because bacteria increased strongly during this transition phase. Planktivorous fish influenced indirectly rotifer abundance by consuming invertebrate predators and important rotifer competitors such as filter feeding cladocerans. Invertebrate predators, such as larvae of Chaoborus spp. and Heterocope saliens probably influenced rotifer distributional patterns in a complex top- down manner, both during chronic acidification and liming in environments with low fish predation. Important rotifer predators such as pelagic cyclopoid copepods, Bythotrephes longimanus and Leptodora kindti, were absent from the most acidic fishless lakes. Considerable populations of large-sized Daphnia longispina probably suppressed several rotifer species in sites with low fish predation, as did large populations of Bosmina longispina and Ceriodaphina quadrangula in lakes with intense fish predation. 2003 Jun 499 1-3ISI:000186235100005) 199-215$://0001870702000182+Derry, A. M. Prepas, E. E. Hebert, P. D. N.nb[A comparison of zooplankton communities in saline lakewater with variable anion composition, HydrobiologiaAlthough salinity and aquatic biodiversity are inversely related in lake water, the relationship between types of salts and zooplankton communities is poorly understood. In this study, zooplankton species were related to environmental variables from 12 lakes: three saline lakes with water where the dominant anions were SO4 and CO3, four saline lakes with Cl-dominated water, and five dilute, subsaline (0.5 - 3 gl(-1) total dissolved solids) lakes of variable anion composition. Although this study comprised only 12 lakes, distinct differences in zooplankton communities were observed among the two groups of chemically defined saline lakes. Canonical correspondence analysis identified total alkalinity, sulphate, chloride, calcium, sodium, potassium, and total phosphorus as all contributing to the first two ordination axes (lambda(1) = 0.97 and lambda(2) = 0.62, P < 0.05). The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and the harpactacoid copepod Cletocamptus sp. prevailed lakes with Cl-dominated water. In contrast, the calanoid copepods Leptodiaptomus sicilis and Diaptomus nevadensis were dominant in the SO4/CO3-dominated lake water with elevated potassium (79 - 128 mg l(-1)) and total phosphorus concentrations (1322- 2915 μg l(-1)). The contrasting zooplankton species distribution among these two saline lake types is likely explained by variable selective pressure on zooplankton and their predators from differing physiological tolerances to salt stress and specific ions. While inland saline lakes with Cl as the dominant anion are relatively rare in Canada and SO4/CO3 are the common features, our study provided an opportunity to compare zooplankton communities across the two groups of lakes. 2003 Sep 505 1-3ISI:000187070200018f_Modelling the impact of benthic filter-feeders on the composition and biomass of river planktonF?Descy, J. P. Everbecq, E. Gosselain, V. Viroux, L. Smitz, J. S.iFreshwater Biology483 March 2003404-417Englishsrk1. The POTAMON model [Everbecq E. et al. (2001) Water Research, 35,901] has been used to simulate the effect of benthic bivalves (mainly Dreissena polymorpha) on the phytoplankton and zooplankton in a lowland Western European river (the Moselle). Here we use a modified version of the POTAMON model with five categories of phytoplankton (Stephanodiscus, Cyclotella-like, large diatoms, Skeletonema and non-siliceous algae) to model filter-feeding effects of benthic bivalves in the Moselle. Zooplankton has been represented in the model by two categories, Brachionus-like and Keratella-like rotifers. 2. According to density estimates from field surveys (Bachmann V. et al. (1995) Hydroecologie Appliquee, 7, 185, Bachmann V. & Usseglio-Polatera P. (1999) Hydrobiologia, 410, 39), zebra mussel density varied among river stretches, and increased through the year to a maximum in summer. Dreissena filtration rates from the literature were used, and mussels have been assumed to feed on different phytoplankton categories (but less on large and filamentous diatoms) as well as on rotifers. 3. The simulations suggest a significant impact of benthic filter-feeders on potamoplankton and water quality in those stretches where the mussels are abundant, their impact being maximal in summer. Consequently, different plankton groups were not affected to the same extent, depending on their period of development and on indirect effects, such as predation by mussels on herbivorous zooplankton. 4. A daily carbon balance for a typical summer shows the effect of benthic filter-feeders on planktonic and benthic processes: the flux of organic matter to the bottom is greatly enhanced at high mussel density; conversely, production and breakdown of organic carbon in the water column are reduced. Mussel removal would drive the carbon balance of the river toward autotrophy only in the downstream stretches.>8Techniques; Information handling; Nutrition; Diet; Prey; Ecology; Population dynamics; Predators; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lotic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Rotifera; Ecological techniques; Use of computers; Mathematical techniques; Simulation model of molluscan filter feeders impact on river plankton communities; Biomass; Trophic structure; Community structure; Molluscan predators; Bivalvia; Benthic filter feeders impact on river plankton communities; River; Molluscan filter feeders impact on plankton communities; France & Germany; France; Germany; River Moselle; Molluscan filter feeders impact on river plankton communities, simulation model Bivalvia; Ecological techniques; Feeding analysis techniques; Use of computers; Mathematical techniques; Food plants; Rotiferan prey; Feeding behaviour; Trophic structure; Population density; Distribution within habitat; Impact on habitat; France & Germany; River; France; Germany; River Moselle; Benthic filter feeders impact on river plankton communities, simulation model Dreissena polymorpha (Dreissenoidea); Impact on habitat; Filter feeding impact on river plankton communities, simulation model; France & Germany ...Rotifera ...Bivalvia; Mollusca ...Dreissenoidea; Veneroida; Heterodonta; Bivalvia; Mollusca Invertebrates; Molluscs; Rotifers 13905001230?^.XRThe significance of zooplankton grazing in a floodplain system of the River DanubejcKeckeis, Susanne Baranyi, Christian Hein, Thomas Holarek, Claudia Riedler, Patricia Schiemer, Fritza"Journal of Plankton Research253d Marchn 2003243-253eEnglishsFloodplain systems along rivers are influenced by the hydrological regime of the river to an extent which depends on the degree of connectivity. As a result, the age of water within the system varies widely. Zooplankton development is restricted to areas and periods of higher water age and thus the role of zooplankton in planktonic carbon flow is strongly influenced by the hydrological dynamics. In 1997 and 1998 the plankton community was examined in the floodplain system along the River Danube, at two sections differing in connectivity to the main river. Zooplankton grazing rates and consumption were calculated, using filtration rates from the literature, based on qualitative and quantitative phyto- and zooplankton data. A succession in grazing dominance from rotifers to cladocerans and copepods was found with increasing water age. Maximal carbon flow and impact on algae by grazing rates of >100% (mean 40.5%) were observed at intermediate connectivity, when zooplankton biomass peaked. Mean grazing impact at high connectivity amounted to 2.5%, and at low connectivity 8.8%, of the total phytoplankton biomass. The main grazers were Synchaeta spp., Polyarthra spp., and the small cladoceran, Bosmina longirostris. Herbivory dominated carbon transfer in the planktonic food webs during dynamic conditions. When conditions are stable, additional food pathways (bacterivory, predation) increase in significance and result in an increased biotic control.eEcology; Trophic structure; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lotic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Comprehensive Zoology; Food webs; River; Flood plain habitat; Plankton grazing; River Danube; Flood plain plankton grazing 13906002676 1039-1048a$://000223948300006n$Kerner, M. Ertl, S. Spitzy, A.Trophic diversity within the planktonic food web of the Elbe Estuary determined on isolated individual species by C-13 analysisl"Journal of Plankton ResearchThe uptake of organic substrates by heterotrophic planktonic organisms was studied along the freshwater Elbe Estuary in May, July and October 2000 using C-13 analysis of individually isolated dominant species of copepoda, cladocera, rotifera and ciliata. Non-sedimenting suspended particulate matter (SPMns) was separated from sedimenting matter and further analysed for the chemical composition of its different size fractions in order to estimate substrate availability. Particles <5 mum accounted for similar to15% of total SPMns [similar to40 mg dry weight (DW) L-1] and contained C:N ratios indicating a predominance of living matter (i.e. mass C:N of phytoplankton). All species under study exhibited a high capacity for selective feeding with little variation in the diet along the whole freshwater profile. Picoplankton of 0.2-1.2 mum formed mainly by bacteria had a delta(13)C value of -26parts per thousand in May and July and -29parts per thousand in October, similar to the delta(13)C of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Bacteria did not fractionate isotopically and did not preferentially consume specific subunits of their substrate, i.e. they exhibited no trophic shift. It appears that phytoplankton exudates were a minor component to total DOC in this estuary. Phytoplankton was the exclusive food for all phagotrophic organisms under study in July, thus only one trophic level was exhibited. During May and October the grazers under study used different substrates, resulting in a planktonic food web of three trophic levels formed by different species of the taxonomic groups under study. The results indicate a conditioned behaviour with regard to substrate selection allowing the grazers to produce high abundances even when particles were abundant and competition for phytoplankton was high. Sepa 2004269nISI:000223948300006u0L p835-841$://000179803400016Stelzer, C. P.zPhenotypic plasticity of body size at different temperatures in a planktonic rotifer: mechanisms and adaptive significanceFunctional EcologyRL1. Larger body size at low temperatures is a commonly observed phenomenon in ectothermic organisms. The mechanisms that lead to this pattern and its possible adaptive significance were studied in laboratory experiments using the parthenogenetically reproducing rotifer Synchaeta pectinata .2. At low temperatures of 4degreesC mean body volume was 46% larger than in individuals cultured at 12degreesC. Egg volume was 35% larger in low vs high temperatures.3. Larger body size at low temperatures was caused by two mechanisms. First, when exposed to low temperatures, mothers laid larger eggs and the hatchlings of these eggs developed into larger adults (irrespective of temperature). Second, individuals cultured at low temperatures grew to a larger body size during their juvenile phase. The former mechanism had a greater influence on adult size than the latter.4. The production of larger eggs at low temperatures seemed to be due to a higher reproductive investment into individual offspring as it occurred independently of differences in maternal size.5. Life table experiments showed that offspring from small eggs (produced at high temperatures) had a significantly higher population growth rate than offspring from large eggs, when cultured at high temperatures. This was mainly due to an increase in fertility during the first days of adult life. 2002 Dect166aISI:000179803400016|uInduction of sexual reproduction in Brachionus plicatilis (Monogononta, Rotifera) by a density-dependent chemical cues"Stelzer, C. P. Snell, T. W.a Limnology and Oceanography482g March 2003939-943EnglishnInduction of mixis (sexual reproduction) in rotifers of the genus Brachionus is believed to be triggered by a chemical that is released into the water and accumulates at high population densities. However, direct and conclusive evidence for this hypothesis is thus far lacking. In this study, two mass cultures of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were monitored as they grew from low to high population densities. Conditioned water was prepared daily from these cultures, and females were exposed in a bioassay, which consisted of juvenile Brachionus, cultured individually in large volumes that would normally suppress mixis. Conditioned water induced mixis in the bioassay at rates comparable to those found in the mass cultures. Both in bioassay and mass cultures, mixis was essentially absent in the beginning of the experiment, when population densities were very low. The first mictic females appeared at densities of 0.1 females ml-1, and their proportion increased rapidly as the populations grew to >1 female ml-1. The maximum rates of mixis in the bioassay were highly significant and reached 51% of those observed in the mass cultures. These results strongly support the hypothesis that mixis in Brachionus plicatilis is induced by a density-dependent chemical cue.4-Reproduction; Behaviour; Communication; Ecology; Population dynamics; Abiotic factors Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera); Reproduction; Sexual reproduction; Induction by density depedent chemical cue, evaluation; Chemical signals; Population density; Chemical factors ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifersa 13906005097ew X920-926$://000229679800013 4.Sugita, H. Yamamoto, S. Asakura, C. Morita, T.Occurrence of Listonella anguillarum in seed production environments of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel)PAquaculture Research The present study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of Listonella anguillarum in the rearing water, fish and diets (rotifers) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 793 isolates were obtained from the seed production environment of Japanese flounder and 175 out of them were identified as L. anguillarum by biochemical characterization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection for VAH1 haemolysin gene and phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids (rDNA) sequences. These results strongly suggested that L. anguillarum is rapidly and accurately identified by the combination of incubation on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose agar at 35 degrees C overnight and PCR detection for the VAH1 haemolysin gene. All flounder specimens and all rotifer samples harboured L. anguillarum at high densities of 6.9 x 10(3)-6.3 x 10(5) colony forming units (CFU) g(-1) and 1.5 x 10(4)-2.3 x 10(6) CFU g(-1), respectively, while as low as 5.0 x 10(0)-2.0 x 10(1) CFU mL(-1) of L. aguillarum were detected in only two of 11 seawater samples, even though no vibriosis occurred in larval and juvenile flounder of tanks. This fact strongly suggests that L. anguillarum is an inhabitant in the seed production environments of Japanese flounder.s Jun  2005369FISI:0002296798000130Essential fatty acids for larval mud crab Scylla serrata: implications of lack of the ability to bioconvert C18 unsaturated fatty acids to highly unsaturated fatty acidsa0*Suprayudi, M. A. Takeuchi, T. Hamasaki, K.'Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Tokyo University of Fisheries, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan, [mailto:take@tokyo-u-fish.ac.jp] Aquaculture5 Aquaculture  231a 1-4d403-416A 5 Mare 0044-8486eThis study was conducted to examine the effect of essential fatty acids (EFA) on the survival, development and bioconversion of fatty acids in mud crab Scylla serrata larvae. Mud crab larvae held in 1-l plastic beakers (30 ind/l) were fed rotifers that had been enriched with oleic acid (18:1n-9, OA), linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA), linolenic acid (18:3n-3, LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) ethyl ester oil during the zoea (Z)1 and Z2 stage. Upon reaching the Z3 stage, rotifers were shifted to unenriched Artemia or Artemia enriched with either EPA or DHA ethyl ester. Further in order to allow comparison of the effect of the enriched rotifers on the fatty acid composition of the Z2 stage larvae, larvae fed enriched rotifers were harvested upon reaching the Z2 stage for fatty acid analysis. The survival of mud crab larvae was more strongly affected by the EFA contained in the Artemia compared to rotifers. Mud crab larvae fed unenriched Artemia showed EFA deficiency signs such as lower survival, longer intermolt period, and a narrower carapace width at the first crab stage, indicating that DHA was superior to that of EPA and followed by LNA and LA. The fatty acid composition of the whole body of Z2 larvae fed rotifers enriched with OA, LA or LNA revealed that the content (g/100 g larvae) of EPA decreased from 1.2 to 0.4-0.8 and DHA decreased from 0.5 to 0.1-0.2, respectively. Moreover, the contents of monoenes increased from 1.4 to 2.5-3.2, indicating dietary EFA deficiency. We conclude that mud crab larvae have a limited or negligible capability to convert C18 unsaturated fatty acids to highly unsaturated fatty acids. 2004$Elsevier B.V. Journal ArticleCrustacean larvae; Feeding experiments; Feed composition; Crab culture; Survival; Developmental stages; Food organisms; Larval development; Linoleic acid; Zoeae; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Nutritional requirements; Fatty acids; Artemia; Scylla serrata; Rotifera Linolenic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid; Rotifers; Highly unsaturated fatty acids; Wheel animalcules Marine Q1 01583 Shellfish culture; Q3 01583 Shellfish culture; O 5060 Aquaculture5898728x? Ghazy2003 Gibson2005 Gilbert2003# Gilbert2003G Gilbert2003/ Gilbert20040 Gilbert2004o Gilbert20041 Girgin20042 Giribet2004h Giribet2004 Giudice2004" Godhantaraman2003e Godinho2004C Godyn2004 Gomes2005 Gomez2003 Gomez-Gil2003= Gomez-Gil2003> Gomez-Gil2003 Gomez-Gil2003 Gomez-Marquez2003Gonnella20040aGonzalez20040Gonzalez2005K Gophen2003( Gorelysheva2004) Gosselain2003 Grad20035 Gram20042 Graneli2005 Gray20057Graziano2004B Green2003 Green2004 Guiral20050Guisande2003Guisande2005 Guo2003A Gustafsson2004Gutzmann2003 Guy2004Hagiwara20030,Hagiwara20033Hagiwara2003Hairston2003Hairston2003Hairston2004Hairston2004 Halkett20053 Halvorsen2004wHamasaki20044 Hampton20054 Hanel2004 Havens2003- Hebert2003 Hebert2003. Hein20030~Helmsing20042< Herlyn2003Hernandez-Aviles2003[Hernandez-Ceballos2004M Hessen2003H Hillis20040 Hino20044 Hitchcock20035 Hjelm2004. Holarek2003vHooftman20040S Hooge2003ZHoogveld2004( Horne2003 Hoste2003> Hoste2003 Hotos2003 Howell20040! Hu20030' Hu2003 Hu20036 Hu2004 Huang2003 Huang2004 Huang2004 Hunt2005# Iesce20047 Iesce2004 Ignoffo2004 Ignoffo2005 Irwin20038Ishikawa2004" Isidori2004# Isidori2004* Isidori20047 Isidori20049 Isidori2004: Isidori20044 Ivanova2003 Izaguirre2003 Jaremo20033t Jeje20040 Jenkins20035 Jensen2004; Jensen2004Jeppesen2005Jeppesen2005CJersabek2003nJersabek20040) Jiang2004< Joaquim-Justo2004sJoensson20044 Johnsen2004 Johnson2003 Jones2003  Jonsson2003 Judson20033= Kaartokallio2004( Kalinowska20044BKallaste2004>Kamjunke2004  Kaneko2002 Kaneko20030BKanosina2004 Katano2003 Katholm20041Kawabata20031 Kazanci2004. Keckeis2003G Kedrova2004 Kelaher2003 Kemp2005? Kerner2004; Khan2003U Khoruzhaya2004 King2002  Kinoshita2002 Kinoshita20038 Kinoshita2004h Kiontke2004 Kneitel2003@ Kneitel2004 Kobayashi2004 Kobayashi2004 Koffi2003 Kogane20030 Kohout20033| Koiso2004 Kolkovski2004 Kopacek2003GKorokhov20044PKostecka20040 Kotani2003pKotethip2004AKotikova2004B Kotta2004B Kotta2004 Koukal20055C Kozak20042 Kristensen20045 Krylov2003) Kuang2004Kuczynska-Kippen2003 Kumar2003 Kurbatova2005HKutikova2003| Kuwada2004 Kvitko200302 Kwak2003Lam-Hoai2005 Landkildehus2005 Landkildehus2005W Langdon2004 Lansac-Toha2002  Lansac-Toha2003 Lapesa20044D Lapesa2004Lapinski2003Lapinski20030Lapinski2003N Lass2003"Lavorgna20040*Lavorgna200409Lavorgna2004:Lavorgna2004Laybourn-Parry20032 Lee2003 Legrand2004 Legrand2005E Lehman2004 Lehmann2003Lehtinen2005Levinton2003 Li20033 Li2003n> Li2003n Li20033 Liang2002 Lien20050) Lin2004 Linhart2005 Linhartova2005E Litt20040* Liu2003 Liu2004 Liu2004V Loez20040 Logsdon2005 Loizeau2005Lopez-Cabanilles2003 Lopez-Flores2005 Lopez-Marcos2004 Lopez-Marcos2004 Lowe2005\ Ludwig2004rOLuerling2003Luerling2003~ Lurling2004q Lyngdoh2004 Ma20033: Mabury20030l Mabury20040 MacIsaac20032MacIsaac2005 Maeda2004  Makino2003Makridis2005 Malik2005]Malinsky-Rushansky2004 Maneiro2005FMangas-Ramirez2004G Manylov2004Marinone20033 Mariottini2003H Mark Welch2004I Mark Welch2004I Mark Welch2004 Marotta2004a Marques2004JMarsalek2004Marshall2003y Martens2003$ Martens2003( Martens2003KMartinez-Cardenas2004E Martinez-Diaz2003Martinez-Giron2003 Martins2005+Maruthanayagam2003L Masero2004 Matveev2005 May2003M Mayeli2004T Mayeli20044  McCreadie2003e2003 Hoste2003> Hoste2003 Hotos2003 Howell20040! Hu20030' Hu2003 Hu20036 Hu2004 Huang2003# Iesce20047 Iesce2004  Ignoffo2004 Irwin20038Ishikawa2004" Isidori2004# Isidori2004* Isidori20047 Isidori20049 Isidori2004: Isidori20044 Ivanova2003 Izaguirre2003 Jaremo20033 Jenkins20035 Jensen2004; Jensen2004CJersabek2003) Jiang2004< Joaquim-Justo2004 Johnsen2004 Johnson2003 Jones2003  Jonsson2003 Judson20033= Kaartokallio2004( Kalinowska20044BKallaste2004>Kamjunke2004  Kaneko2002 Kaneko20030BKanosina2004 Katano2003 Katholm20041Kawabata20031 Kazanci2004. Keckeis2003G Kedrova2004 Kelaher2003? Kerner2004; Khan2003U Khoruzhaya2004 King2002  Kinoshita2002 Kinoshita20038 Kinoshita2004 Kneitel2003@ Kneitel2004 Kobayashi2004 Kobayashi2004 Koffi2003 Kogane20030 Kohout20033 Kolkovski2004 Kopacek2003GKorokhov20044PKostecka20040 Kotani2003AKotikova2004B Kotta2004B Kotta2004C Kozak20042 Kristensen20045 Krylov2003) Kuang2004Kuczynska-Kippen2003 Kumar2003HKutikova2003 Kvitko200302 Kwak2003W Langdon2004 Lansac-Toha2002  Lansac-Toha2003 Lapesa20044D Lapesa2004Lapinski2003Lapinski20030Lapinski2003N Lass2003"Lavorgna20040*Lavorgna200409Lavorgna2004:Lavorgna2004Laybourn-Parry20032 Lee2003 Legrand2004E Lehman2004 Lehmann2003Levinton2003 Li20033 Li2003n> Li2003n Li20033 Liang2002) Lin2004E Litt20040* Liu2003V Loez20040Lopez-Cabanilles2003 Lopez-Marcos2004 Lopez-Marcos2004\ Ludwig2004rOLuerling2003̦Luerling2003 Ma20033: Mabury20030 MacIsaac20032 Maeda2004  Makino2003]Malinsky-Rushansky2004FMangas-Ramirez2004G Manylov2004Marinone20033 Mariottini2003H Mark Welch2004I Mark Welch2004I Mark Welch2004 Marotta2004a Marques2004JMarsalek2004Marshall2003y Martens2003$ Martens2003( Martens2003KMartinez-Cardenas2004E Martinez-Diaz2003Martinez-Giron2003+Maruthanayagam2003L Masero2004̺ May2003M Mayeli2004T Mayeli20044  McCreadie2003F 274-277$://000227479100007eXRMakridis, P. Martins, S. Vercauteren, T. Van Driessche, K. Decamp, O. Dinis, M. T.xqEvaluation of candidate probiotic strains for gilthead sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata) using an in vivo approachf&Letters in Applied MicrobiologyeAims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six bacterial strains on gilthead sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata). Methods and Results: Six bacterial strains isolated from well-performing live food cultures were identified by sequencing fragments of their 16s rDNA genome to the genus level as Cytophaga sp., Roseobacter sp., Ruergeria sp., Paracoccus sp., Aeromonas sp. and Shewanella sp. Survival rates of gilthead sea bream larvae transferred to seawater added these bacterial strains at concentrations of 6 +/- 0.3 x 10(5) bacteria ml(-1) were similar to those of larvae transferred to sterilized seawater and showed an average of 86% at 9 days after hatching, whereas, survival rates of larvae transferred to filtered seawater were lower (P < 0.05), and showed an average of 39%, 9 days after hatching. Conclusion: Several bacterial strains isolated from well-performing live food cultures showed a positive effect for sea bream larvae when compared with filtered seawater. Significance and Impact of the Study: The approach used in this study could be applied as an in vivo evaluation method of candidate probiotic strains used in the rearing of marine fish larvae. 2005404ISI:000227479100007a255-265$://000223915900027 4.Mangas-Ramirez, E. Sarma, S. S. S. Nandini, S.Recovery patterns of Moina macrocopa exposed previously to different concentrations of cadmium and methyl parathion: life-table demography and population growth studies HydrobiologiaaIn most toxicity studies using Cladocera, bioassays are routinely done to determine median lethal concentration (LC50) or the responses to sublethal exposure. However, information on the patterns of recovery of cladocerans exposed to different concentrations of toxicants is scarce. This is important because cladocerans exposed to toxicants for a short duration may later recuperate under favourable conditions. Using the life table demographic and population growth, the present study was conducted to evaluate the recovery patterns of Monia macrocopa exposed to five different concentrations ( 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of 24 h LC50 for CdCl2 or methyl parathion) and then returned to toxicant-free medium containing alga ( Chlorella vulgaris) at low (0.25 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)), medium (0.5 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) or high ( 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) levels. We measured selected life history variables such as average lifespan, life expectancy at birth, gross and net reproductive rates, generation time and the rate of population increase. Results indicated that regardless of food concentration, surviving individuals of M. macrocopa exposed to a median lethal concentration did not recover. The effect of food level was significant at 25 and 50% of the median lethal concentration for cadmium or methyl parathion. Age-specific fecundity curves showed that exposure to either toxicant for a duration as short as 24 h at one-fourth of the LC50 showed reduced output of offspring, especially at a lower food level. At and above exposures of 0.037 mg l(-1) of methyl parathion, no reproduction occurred. The highest gross and net reproductive rates ( 127 and 55 offspring female(-1)) were obtained in controls at the high ( 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) algal food level. The rate of population increase obtained from life table data was around 0.7 per day in controls but decreased when exposed to toxicant concentrations. The rates of population increase per day derived from population growth data varied from 0.22 to 0.33 per day for the controls, depending on the food levels. Sepe 2004 526 1o Sp. Iss. SIoISI:000223915900027tSReservation of marine microalgae and potential toxicity of cryoprotectants to the primary steps of the aquacultural food chainmleTzovenis, I. Triantaphyllidis, G. Naihong, X. Chatzinikolaou, E. Papadopoulou, K. Xouri, G. Tafas, T.'Departme491-500$://000225954600003a"Moscatello, S. Belmonte, G.hActive and resting stages of zooplankton and its seasonal evolution in a hypersaline temporary pond of the Mediterranean coast (the "Vecchia Salina", SE Italy)gScientia MarinaoThe species composition of zooplankton and its variability were studied with all integrated water-sediment analysis for a period of two years in a hypersaline temporary pond in SE Italy. The basin was affected by extended drought during summer, and even during the wet period the sodium chloride salinity was never below 42.5parts per thousand The zooplankton showed the presence of seasonal species (mainly Anostraca), together with not seasonal, but opportunistic ones (mainly Rotifera, and Ciliophora) with a shorter life cycle. Rotifers (mainly Hexarthra fennica, and Proales similis), and ciliates (Fabrea salina) attained 99-100% of total planktonic organisms in certain periods. Resting stages were extracted from the upper 6 cm of 14 sediment cores collected during a dry period (August 1998). A total of 24 resting morphotypes (cysts) were listed-more than double the number of the active organisms (11) found in the plankton over the two years. The seasonal succession of species was different in the two years Studied. This fact, together with the richness of the cyst bank of the sediment, indicates that in each period the water Column shows only a portion of the biodiversity, which the sediment contains Unexpressed as resting stages. The Study of cyst distribution (both horizontal and vertical) in sediments provided complementary suggestions to understand the space-time distribution of the plankton organisms. Laboratory tests showed that hatching of different cysts generally occurred in a wide range of salinity conditions, and was not synchronous. This allowed US to assume that even the cyst hatching rate Could be an adaptation to highly variable extreme environments. Dece 2004684ISI:0002259546000030169-177$://000222978500005"Muller, M. C. M. Sterrer, W.Musculature and nervous system of Gnathostomula peregrina (Gnathostomulida) shown by phalloidin labeling, immunohistochemistry, and cLSM, and their phylogenetic significance  ZoomorphologyiMusculature and nervous system of Gnathostomula peregrina (Gnathostomulida, Scleroperalia) were reconstructed from whole animals by immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The F-actin muscular subset, stained with FITC-labeled phal-loidin, consists of: (1) eleven pairs (four ventral, one ventrolateral, one dorsolateral, five dorsal) of longitudinal muscles; (2) two types of diagonal muscles (thin fibers throughout the body, and slightly thicker fibers of which seven pairs occur ventrally and two pairs dorsally); (3) evenly spaced thin circular fibers that gird the posterior half of the body, continuing less prominently into the anterior half; and (4) a complex pharyngeal and genital musculature. Dorsoventral muscles are absent. The organization of the FMRFamidergic nervous system shows: (1) a central nervous system with a frontal ganglion and one pair of longitudinal nerves ending in a terminal commissure. and one median ventral nerve; (2) eight to ten unipolar perikarya above, and up to ten bipolar perikarya in front of the brain; (3) a total of five (one unpaired, two paired) longitudinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system with two to four accompanying perikarya; and (4) a buccal ganglion of the stomatogastric nervous system with six to eight perikarya above the pharyngeal bulbus. Our results reveal the musculature and nervous system of Gnathostomida to be more complex than hitherto reported.c Jule 2004 123n3aISI:000222978500005e;XRFaunal diversity of zooplankton in freshwater wetlands of southeastern West Bengal Khan, R. A.@:Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 204 2003 1-107"English Unpaginated plates.;The rich faunal diversity of Zooplankton community, which play an important role in the trophic dynamics of freshwater ecosystem, has not been given due attention by the ecologist in the country, due to the non availability of a concise taxonomic literature. Realising this, a detailed programme of work was initiated to work out the species diversity, community structure and dynamics of zooplankton in some freshwater wetlands of southeastern West Bengal. This region of the country, which covers the districts of North 24 Parganas, Calcutta, South 24 Parganas, Hugly, Haora and Mednipur of West Bengal State, located on either side of the major River Ganga near or on Sunderban delta, is very rich in freshwater resources where almost all types of wetlands occur. The studies were carried out for a period of over one decade (1991-2001) in 20 selected wetlands belonging to six different types viz., 1) floodplain oxbow lakes (open and closed types, 11) natural wetlands (jheels), III) urban recreational lakes and ponds, IV) fish culture ponds, V) sewage-fed fish culture ponds and VI) multipurpose village ponds. The zooplankton community was mainly comprised of 89 species belonging to Rotifera Cladocera and Copepoda. A general tropical character was very much visible and most of the species recorded were typically associated with this region of the world representing cosmopolitan : cosmotropical : pantropical elements in the descending order of abundance. The rotifers were represented by highest number of species (43), which constituted nearly 29% of the species reported from West Bengal and 13% of the country's rotifer fauna. This was followed by Cladoceran, represented by 36 species, which constituted 63% of the total cladoceran species known from West Bengal and 32.% of the country's cladoceran fauna. The species diversity of copepods was lowest as only 10 species belonging to both, calanoids and cyclopoids, were recorded. This constituted nearly 50%% of the species known from West Bengal and about 11.3% of total known species of the country. Variations in the diversity of zooplankton in different wetland types was quite evident. Highest number of species of all groups were recorded from Type-I, Oxbow lakes. The density of zooplankton fluctuated widely between the wetlands and was related to the nature of wetlands. Highest density was recorded from village pond where very high organic load and comparatively lower predation pressure resulted in the increased density of a few species of each group. The impact of predation was quite evident in the two fish culture ponds where the density was considerably low. Inspite of very high nutrient load of Sewage-fed bheries, the density of zooplankton species was severely limited. While copepods dominated numerically in oxbow lakes, natural wetlands, village pond and urban lakes, rotifers formed numerically dominant component in the fish culture ponds. All the wetlands were characterized by a set of a few numerically abundant species that controlled the bulk of zooplankton density. The analysis of species richness indices revealed clearly the status of these wetlands. Oxbow takes and natural wetlands, mainly fed by rainwater with abundant macrophytes, exhibited high species richness and on the other hand, sewage-fed fish culture pond, with considerably high organic load, was characterised by lowest diversity. Further, due of their comparatively unpolluted conditions, the oxbow lakes and natural wetlands exhibited a greater similarity in respect of their zooplankton fauna. The analysis has significantly isolated the sewage-fed fish culture ponds, which due to their highly specialised nature, exhibited considerably different conditions.Systematics; Taxonomy; Key; Documentation; Publications; Ecology; Habitat; Land and freshwater zones; Oriental region; India Comprehensive Zoology; Checklists; Community structure; Plankton; Semiaquatic habitat; West Bengal; South; Plankton community structure & checklists, site comparisons, wetlands Brachionidae (Rotifera ); Aloninae; Sididae (Cladocera ); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to genera Brachionus; Keratella; Lecane (Lecane); Lepadella (Rotifera ); Alona; Biapertura; Chydorus; Daphnia; Diaphanosoma; Simocephalus (Cladocera ); Heliodiaptomus (Calanoida ); Mesocyclops (Cyclopoida ); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to species Gnesiotrocha; Ploimida (Rotifera ); Cladocera; West Bengal; Southeast; Key to families Lecane; Trichocerca (Rotifera ); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to subgenera Lecane (Monostyla) (Rotifera); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to species & subspecies Monogonomata (Rotifera); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to orders Chydoridae (Cladocera); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to subfamilies Chydorinae; Daphniidae; Macrothricidae; Moinidae (Cladocera ); Diaptomidae (Calanoida ); Cyclopidae (Cyclopoida ); West Bengal; Southeast; Key to genera & species Copepoda; West Bengal; Southeast; Key to families & orders Brachionidae (Rotifera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 21 Brachionus Pallas 1766 (Rotifera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 21 Gnesiotrocha (Rotifera); Key to families; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 21; Key to families; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 46 Keratella Bory de St Vincent 1822 (Rotifera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 27 Lecane Nitzsch 1827 (Rotifera); Key to subgenera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 33 Lecane (Lecane) Nitzsch 1827 (Rotifera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 33 Lecane (Monostyla) Bartos 1959 (Rotifera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 39; Key to subspecies; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 39 Lepadella Bory de St Vincent 1826 (Rotifera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 30 Monogonomata (Rotifera); Key to orders; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 19 Ploimida (Rotifera); Key to families; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 20 Trichocerca Lamarck 1801 (Rotifera); Key to subgenera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 42 Cladocera; Key to families; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 50 Alona Baird 1843 (Cladocera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 68 Aloninae (Cladocera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 67 Biapertura Smirnov 1971 (Cladocera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 73 Chydoridae (Cladocera); Key to subfamilies; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 63 Chydorinae (Cladocera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 63; Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 63 Chydorus Leach 1816 (Cladocera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 65 Daphnia Muller 1785 (Cladocera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 55 Daphniidae (Cladocera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 55; Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 55 Diaphanosoma Fischer (Cladocera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 53 Macrothricidae (Cladocera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 61; Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 61 Moinidae (Cladocera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 58; Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 58 Sididae (Cladocera); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 51 Simocephalus Schoedler 1858 (Cladocera); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 57 Copepoda; Key to orders; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 77; Key to families; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 77 Diaptomidae (Calanoida); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 78; Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 78 Heliodiaptomus Kiefer (Calanoida); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 78 Cyclopidae (Cyclopoida); Key to genera; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 83; Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 83 Mesocyclops Sars 1914 (Cyclopoida); Key to species; West Bengal; Southeast; P. 84 ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea ...Calanoida; Copepoda; Crustacea ...Cyclopoida; Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifers 13911002515S*6dsmsFurther structures in the jaw apparatus of Limnognathia maerski (Micrognathozoa), with notes on the phylogeny of the Gnathifera Sorensen, Martin VintherJournal of Morphologyt 255C2aFebruary 2003131-145PEnglishh6/The jaws of Limnognathia maerski, Micrognathozoa, were investigated with light- and scanning electron microscopy. The study yielded several new structures and sclerites, including the ventral part of main jaw, the pharyngeal lamellae, the manus, the dorsal and ventral fibularium teeth, and a reinterpretation of the fibularium compartmentalization. Furthermore, it was shown that several jaw elements are composed of densely packed rods. Comparison with Rotifera and Gnathostomulida suggested that the micrognathozoan main jaw is homologous with the rotifer incus and the gnathostomulid articularium and that the pseudophalangids (the ventral jaws) and their associated sclerites correspond to the rotifer mallei. These results imply that Micrognathozoa is more closely related to Rotifera than to Gnathostomulida. Systematics; Digestive system; Evolution Gnathifera; Phylogeny; Phylogenetic implications of jaw apparatus morphology Limnognathia maerski (Gnathifera); Mastax; Jaws apparatus; Morphology & phylogenetic implications ...Gnathifera; Smaller vermiform groups Invertebrates 13904004936B;Sorensen, Martin V. Funch, Peter Hooge, Matthew Tyler, Sethr 2003xqMusculature of Notholca acuminata (Rotifera: Ploima: Brachionidae) revealed by confocal scanning laser microscopyInvertebrate Biology  1223223-230 13912003404-Musculature Notholca acuminata (Rotifera); Body wall musculature; Visceral musculature; Confocal scanning laser microscopy ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifersf`The body-wall and visceral musculature of Notholca acuminata was visualized using phalloidin-linked fluorescent dye under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The body-wall musculature includes dorsal, lateral, and ventral pairs of longitudinally oriented body retractor muscles, two pairs of head retractors, three pairs of incomplete circular muscles, which are modified into dorso-ventral muscles, and a single pair of dorsolateral muscles. The visceral musculature consists of a complex of thick muscles associated with the mastax, as well as several sets of delicate fibers associated with the corona, stomach, gut, and cloaca, including thin longitudinal gut fibers and viscero-cloacal fibers, never before reported in other species of rotifers. The dorsal, lateral, and ventral retractor muscles and the incomplete circular muscles associated with the body wall appear to be apomorphies for the Rotifera. Muscle-revealing staining shows promise for providing additional information on previously unrecognized complexity in rotifer musculature that will be useful in functional morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Englishu \E3Molluscan filter,(Molluscan filter feeders impact on riverMolluscan predators MolluscsMonogonomata (Rotifera) Monogononta Monommata arndti (Rotifera) MonsoonsMorphological response &Morphological studyMorphological variation morphology,&Morphology & phylogenetic implications Mortality Mosquitoes MougeotiaMucus secretionMvpEffects of experimental greenhouse warming on phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in fishless alpine ponds4-Strecker, A. L. Cobb, T. P. Vinebrooke, R. D. 'Freshwater Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada, [mailto:rolf@ualberta.ca] Limnology and OceanographyLimnol. Oceanogr.i494c 1182-1190h Julo 0024-3590e{The impacts of global warming on aquatic ecosystems are expected to be most pronounced at higher trophic levels in cold-water environments. Therefore, we hypothesized that warming of fishless alpine ponds would suppress large-bodied consumers (e.g., cladocerans, copepods) and stimulate fast-growing microorganisms (e.g., phytoflagellates, rotifers), thereby altering the community composition and total abundance of zooplankton and phytoplankton. This hypothesis was tested using three blocks of four experimental mesocosms (1000-liter capacity) that were located next to alpine ponds in Banff National Park, Canada. Each block received unfiltered pond water and sediment from a pond following ice out in June 2000. A warming treatment (control vs. 3.6 degree C warmed) was achieved by controlling the ventilation of greenhouse canopies that were suspended over each of the mesocosms. By the end of our 50-d experiment, warming significantly suppressed total zooplankton biomass because large cladocerans (Daphnia pulex) declined while rotifer (Keratella cochlearis, Conochilus unicornis) abundance increased during the second half of the experiment. In contrast, warming did not affect total phytoplankton biomass but significantly altered community composition by favoring phytoflagellates (Mallomonas, Synura, Trachelomonas) over larger filamentous green algae (Mougeotia, Phymatodocis). Warming did not significantly increase dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Therefore, warmer growing conditions and reduced grazer biomass best explained the increased abundance of more edible, fast-growing phytoflagellates in the warmed mesocosms. Our findings support the hypothesis that moderate warming can destabilize plankton dynamics, thereby potentially reducing the reliability of water quality and food resources for higher trophic levels (e.g., planktivorous fish) in shallow cold-water ecosystems.i 2004Journal Article Greenhouse effect; Global warming; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Community composition; Alpine environments; Abundance; Mesocosms; Ponds; Plankton; Biomass; Population dynamics; Trophic levels; Water quality; Sediment-water interface; Freshwater crustaceans; Microorganisms; Canopies; Food resources; Climatic changes; Phosphorus; Marine crustaceans; Consumers; Ventilation; Daphnia pulex; Conochilus unicornis; Keratella cochlearis; Mallomonas; Trachelomonas; Synura; Phymatodocis; Mougeotia; Algae; Copepoda; Canada; Canada, Alberta, Banff Natl. Park K 03009 Algae; D 04310 Freshwater; P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION; Q1 01422 Environmental effects; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation60082300183442500010m>7Rotifers colonising sediments with shallow gas hydratesD>Sommer, Stefan Gutzmann, Erik Ahlrichs, Wilko Pfannkuche, OlafNaturwissenschaften906 June 2003273-276EnglishRotifers, one of the smallest metazoans, are only seldom found in marine environments. Surprisingly, we discovered high abundances of at least two new species of rotifers settling in anoxic and highly sulphidic sediments associated with shallow gas hydrates (GH) at the southern crest of Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, NE Pacific, in a water depth of about 780 m. At basins adjacent to Hydrate Ridge, 1,285-2,304 m deep, we found rotifers co-occurring with the sulphide-oxidising bacteria Thioploca sp.d Ecology; Habitat utilization; Habitat; Marine zones; Pacific Ocean Rotifera; Habitat colonization; Marine habitat; North Pacific; USA; Oregon; Hydrate Ridge; Species colonizing sediments associated with shallow gas hydrates ...Rotifera Invertebrates; Rotifers 13909004962Importance of biotic interactions in large rivers: An experiment with planktivorous fish, dreissenid mussels and zooplankton in the St Lawrence Rivera(!Thorp, James H. Casper, Andrew F.d&River Research and Applicationsc193tMay-June 2003265-279sEnglishnPhysical conditions are usually considered pre-eminent in controlling river plankton, but biotic interactions may be important in slackwater areas. To begin testing this general hypothesis, we conducted a 12-day, predator-prey experiment in 3500 litre mesh enclosures in a slackwater area of the St. Lawrence River using planktivorous, juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and Dreissena mussels. Results generally supported our hypotheses that: (1) perch would directly suppress large zooplankton via predation but benefit microzooplankton through indirect interactions; and (2) dreissenids would directly depress rotifer densities via predation and have indirect negative effects on macrozooplankton. Based on gut contents of experimental fish, cladocera were the principal prey of smaller yellow perch (c. 46-50 mm), followed by copepods, ostracods, and rotifers. Larger juvenile perch (c. 67-73 mm) fed almost exclusively on copepods and ostracods. Densities of calanoid copepodids, nauplii, and some cyclopoid copepods (Diacyclops thomasi) were significantly depressed by perch, and adult Eurytemora affinis (99% of adult calanoids) essentially disappeared from fish enclosures. Despite being a favourite prey item of small perch, densities of the small cladoceran Bosmina (Sinobosmina) spp. were significantly higher when fish were present (150% greater than control densities on Day 12). Densities of the very abundant rotifer Polyarthra were >300% greater in fish enclosures than controls by Day 12, and the rotifers Synchaeta and predaceous Ploesoma were significantly more abundant in the presence of perch. Increases in rotifers and cladocera suggest indirect, positive effects of fish related to significantly higher phytoplankton biomass or decreased densities of predaceous copepods. Densities of eight of ten zooplankton groups examined declined significantly when mussels were present, and calanoid copepodids also declined but not significantly. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were slightly lower in mussel enclosures. This evidence suggests biotic interactions play important roles among potamoplankton in slackwater habitats, but river-wide implications of these findings require further study.Nutrition; Diet; Prey; Ecology; Population dynamics; Predators; Land and freshwater zones; Nearctic region; North America Invertebrata; Rotifera; Community structure; Population density; Plankton, direct & indirect effects of molluscan & piscean predators; Molluscan predators; Dreissena; Piscean predators; Perca flavescens; Direct & indirect effects on plankton; St Lawrence River; Robinson Bay; Molluscan & piscean predators effect on plankton Dreissena (Dreissenoidea ); Perca flavescens (Percidae ); Prey; Invertebrata; Crustacean prey; Cladocera & Copepoda; Rotiferan prey; St Lawrence River; Robinson Bay; Direct & indirect effects on plankton Cladocera; Copepoda; Community structure; Population density; Molluscan predators; Dreissena; Piscean predators; Perca flavescens; Direct & indirect effects on plankton; St Lawrence River; Robinson Bay; Molluscan & piscean predators effect on plankton ...Rotifera ...Dreissenoidea; Veneroida; Heterodonta; Bivalvia; Mollusca ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea ...Percidae; Perciformes; Actinopterygii; Pisces Arthropods; Chordates; Crustaceans; Fish; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Rotifers; Vertebrates 13908005200 4vpWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) detected by PCR in rotifers and rotifer resting eggs from shrimp pond sedimentsHAYan, D. C. Dong, S. L. Huang, J. Yu, X. M. Feng, M. Y. Liu, X. Y.n'Mariculture Research Laboratory, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China, [mailto:dongsl@mail.ouc.edu.cn]$Diseases of Aquatic OrganismsDis. Aquat. Org.591 69-73 21 Apr 0177-5103White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was detected by PCR-dot blot hybridization in rotifer resting eggs from shrimp Penaeus chinensis culture-pond sediments. It was also detected in rotifers hatched from those eggs. Surface disinfection before analysis indicated that WSSV was probably present within the resting eggs. Results suggested that rotifer resting eggs may be an overwintering reservoir for WSSV in shrimp ponds. 2004Journal ArticleHAEggs; Ponds; white spot syndrome; Sediments; Disinfection; Overwintering; Polymerase chain reaction; Aquatic organisms; Resting eggs; Pond culture; Viral diseases; Pathogens; Disease transmission; Shrimp culture; Disease detection; Fenneropenaeus chinensis; White spot syndrome virus; Rotifera Fleshy prawn; Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Marine V 22022 Virus assay; A 01114 Viruses; Q4 27160 Methods and instruments; Q1 01587 Diseases of Cultured Organisms; Q3 01587 Diseases of Cultured Organisms; O 5060 Aquaculture; Q1 01484 Species interactions: parasites and diseases5967514`ZThe effect of vitamin E on reproduction of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera: Monogononta) Yang, Jiaxin'\VSchool of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097 People's Rep. China,%Acta ecologica sinica/Shengtai Xuebao&Acta Ecol. Sin./Shengtai Xuebaor248  1663-1670  1000-0933dleThe change of population density, the ratio of mictic females and eggs of rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured in the synthetic medium containing different concentrations of vitamin E, were observed at 15, 25 and 30 degree C, respectively. Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus was hatched from resting eggs collected from the sediments in bottom of East Lake (China, Wuhan, 114 degree 23'E, 30 degree 33'N). A neonate rotifer hatched from resting egg was transferred into flask containing inorganic medium described by Gilbert (1963). Stock rotifers were fed on Chlorella pyrenoidosa, which was grew in the HB sub(4) medium with light intensity about 5,000lx provided by 8 cool-white fluorescent lamps (16:8 h light: dark cycle; temperature at 25 degree C) in the incubator. Before feeding, algae in log phase of growth were harvested, centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 5 minutes, rinsed with HB sub(4) medium with 3 times and resuspended in rotifer culture medium. Two neonate rotifers were placed into test tube, each tube containing 10ml of C. pyrenoidosa suspension (2 x 10 super(6) cells/ml diluted with rotifer culture medium. Five different concentration of vitamin E (0 (as control group), 20, 40, 80 and 100ng/ml) were added into each test tube, respectively, Light intensity and photoperiod as the same as above described. The experiment was designed at three temperatures 15, 25 and 30 degree C. The test rotifers were checked, counted and transferred into new rotifer culture medium every 24 hours. The mictic female, amictic female, mictic egg, amictic egg and male were distinguished by the method described by Paloheimo (1974).  2004<52004. Physical medium: Printed matter Journal Articlea"Food organisms; Reproduction; Vitamin E; Population density; Feeding experiments; Experimental research; Rotifera; Brachionus calyciflorus; China, People's Rep. Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Marine Q1 01584 Culture of other aquatic animals; Q3 01584 Culture of other aquatic animalse6050788sted by stoichiometric theory. Our study thus shows that both biotically and abiotically induced changes in algal food quality affect the stability and persistence of planktonic food chains. Dec 2004712ISI:000225078000003 73-85$://0001838833000081d^Vrba, J. Kopacek, J. Fott, J. Kohout, L. Nedbalova, L. Prazakova, M. Soldan, T. Schaumburg, J.rlLong-term studies (1871-2000) on acidification and recovery of lakes in the Bohemian Forest (central Europe)& Science of the Total EnvironmentThis paper evaluates long-term changes in the atmospheric depositions of S and N compounds, lake water quality, and biodiversity at eight glacial lakes in the Bohemian Forest over the past 130 years. This time interval covers 0) the 'background' pre-acidification status of the lakes, (ii) a period of changes in the communities that can be partly explained by introduction of fish, (iii) a period of strong lake acidification with its adverse impacts on the communities, (iv) the. lake reversal from acidity, which includes the recent status of the lakes. The lake water chemistry has followed-with a characteristic hysteresis-both the sharp increase and decline in the deposition trends of strong anions. Remarkable changes in biota have mirrored the changing water quality. Fish became extinct and most species of zooplankton (Crustacea) and benthos (Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera) retreated due to the lake water acidification. Independent of ongoing chemical reversal, microorganisms remain dominant in the recent plankton biomass as well as in controlling the pelagic food webs. The first signs of the forthcoming biological recovery have already been evidenced in some lakes, such as the population of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Cladocera) returning into the pelagial of one lake or the increase in both phytoplankton biomass and rotifer numbers in another lake. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.n 2003 Jul 1( 310 1-33ISI:000183883300008 closing of the dike in April, 1997. Mean salinity at the surface decreased from 27 to 3.9 psu in the four months after closing. Mean density of zooplankton (excluding protozoans) increased from 11.7 l-1 in May, 1997, to 225.7 l-1 in August, 1997, mainly due to increases in copepod nauplii and the rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and probably B. rotundiforms. Copepods consisted mostly of Oithona davisae (86%) and Acartia pacifica (10%) in May, 1997, but these had been completely replaced by brackish-water species, Sinocalanus tenellus (44%), Pseudodiaptomus inopinus (35%), and Paracyclopina nana (19%) by August, 1997. With further desalination, the proportion of freshwater copepods, consisting mostly of Thermocyclops spp., increased. Zooplankton densities in the pond were comparable to those in other brackish waters until one year after closing. However, densities in the summers of 1998 and 1999 were significantly lower (<10 l-1) than in 1997 and 2000; food-limitation and the extremely low salinities (<1.0 psu) are discussed as possible causes of the low densities in 1998 and 1999. Occurrences of marine copepods and the appendicularian Oikopleura sp. in 2000 suggest inflow of seawater through the gates of the dike.Ecology; Habitat; Abiotic factors; Chemical factors; Marine zones; Pacific Ocean Comprehensive Zoology; Community structure; Brackish habitat; Salinity; West Pacific; Japan; Kyushu; Isahaya Bay; Detention pond, temporal changes of zooplankton community in relation to desalination 13907005354+EK nhDo granular substrates enhance microbiota availability and growth in cultured Rana catesbeiana tadpoles?,%Martinez-Cardenas, L. Flores-Nava, A.x'Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN Unidad Merida, Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km. 6, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, [mailto:aflores@mda.cinvestav.mx]Aquaculture ResearchAquacult. Res.357e616-621, Juna 1355-557Xb:3A comparison was made of growth performance in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and biogenic capacity in culture tanks with gravel, sand and hard bottoms. Stage 25 (Gosner) tadpoles from a single cohort were stocked in 1-m super(2) fibreglass tanks at 50 m super(-2). Two treatments and a control were employed, with three replicates each: T sub(1)=tadpoles reared in tanks with 0.02 m deep layer of sterilized silica gravel (2360 mu m particle size); T sub(2)=tadpoles reared in tanks with 0.02 m deep layer of sterilized beach sand (250 mu m particle size); and C=a control treatment with tadpoles reared in tanks with no soft substrate (conventional method). Tadpoles were fed on a 40% protein, powdered specific bullfrog feed at 13% body weight day super(-1). Results for survival, timing to metamorphosis, specific growth rate and weight gain exhibited no statistical differences between treatments (P>0.05). However, tadpoles in T sub(1) had an apparent overall better performance based on numerical indicators. Biotic colonization was also statistically similar (P>0.05) between treatments, showing an overall poor biogenic capacity for the tested substrates. Only three taxa, at low abundances, were recorded for phytoplankton and phytobenthos: cyanophiceae, chlorophyceae, and bacillariophyceae. Zooplankton was represented by two microinvertebrate groups, rotifera and protozoa. The statistical similarities between treatments may reflect that bullfrog tadpoles do not exploit naturally occurring aquatic biota when sufficient suspended artificial feed particles are present.. 2004,%Blackwell Science Ltd Journal ArticleLarvae; Substrata; Growth rate; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Phytobenthos; Sand; Sediments; Frog culture; Rana catesbeiana Bullfrog Freshwater Q1 01584 Culture of other aquatic animals; Q3 01584 Culture of other aquatic animals5948040zsMartinez-Diaz, Sergio Alvarez-Gonzalez, C. A. Moreno Legorreta, M. Vazquez-Juarez, Ricardo Barrios-Gonzalez, Javiera 2003~wElimination of the associated microbial community and bioencapsulation of bacteria in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Aquaculture International11 1-2 95-108 13909003329Parasites diseases and disorders; Diseases and disorders; Microbial diseases; Immunology and repair mechanisms; Tissue reactions; Ecology; Population dynamics Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera); Bacterial diseases; Bacterial flora, effects on growth & survival & encapsulation in culture; Encapsulation; Population dynamics; Population growth; Survival ...Rotifera Invertebrates; RotifersThe bioencapsulation of live bacteria in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was determined under monoxenic conditions. The first objective was to evaluate the microhiota of the rotifer during intensive production and to obtain sterile rotifer cultures starting from adult females or amictic eggs using PVP-Iodine, Hydrogen peroxide or antibiotic mixtures. In the rotifers. the proportion of vibrios increased significantly during the mass production, displacing other unidentified marine bacteria. Rotifers, in the absence of culturable bacteria were obtained starting from amictic eggs and using Trimetroprim-sulfametoxasole (Bactrim Roche[registered trademark]) at 10 ml 1-1. The effect of members of Vibrionaceae on the survival and growth rate of rotifers was determined under monoxenic conditions. The survival of rotifers was not affected in the presence of different isolates, while amictic egg formation occurred and the populations increased when the strains Vibrio proteolyticus C279 and Aeromonas media C226 were tested. All isolates were successfully incorporated in the rotifers, since there was no significant difference between the numbers of bioencapsulated cells of different strains of isolates. The results show that it is possible to replace the microbial community in rotifer cultures, started from disinfected amictic eggs, with selected bacterial strains. This could be used as a tool for future studies to reveal the role of specific bacteria on first larval stages of marine fish species. English 70-72$://000182458400005dMartinez-Giron, R. Ribas-Barcelo, A. Garcia-Miralles, T. Lopez-Cabanilles, D. Tamargo-Pelaez, L. Torre-Bayon, C. Fernandez-Alvarez, L.0*Diatoms and rotifers in cytological smears Cytopathologye|vWe describe several uncommon contaminants presumably derived from the tap water used in the staining procedure of cytological specimens. We would like to draw attention to the occasional presence of diatoms and fragments of rotifers in cytological specimens. Whilst most of these entities are harmless curiosities, they may cause concern as to their nature and significance. 2003 Apra142fISI:000182458400005l\UStudies on zooplankton population in Thirukkulam pond during summer and rainy seasons&81Maruthanayagam, C. Sasikumar, M. Senthilkumar, C.2+Nature Environment and Pollution Technologye2g1 March 2003 13-19EnglishhaThe present work was carried out during summer (May & June) and rainy period (October, November and December) on Thirukkulam pond (Mannampandal). Qualitative analysis of zooplankton population of the pond indicates occurrence of 21 species during both summer and rainy seasons. The major groups of zooplankton in descending order are Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotifera and Ostracoda. Higher density of zooplankton population was noted during rainy season. Among the 21 zooplanktonic species, 4 from Protozoa, 2 from Porifera, 5 from Rotifera, 4 from Cladocera and 3 each from Ostracoda and Copepoda have been recorded. Simultaneously physico-chemical parameters such as both atmospheric and surface temperature, transparency, pH, CO2 and DO values were recorded. All the values of physico-chemical parameters showed slight variations during the summer and rainy seasons.JDEcology; Population dynamics; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Oriental region; India Comprehensive Zoology; Community structure; Population density; Plankton; Pond; Plankton abundance & composition, seasonal variation; Tamil Nadu; Mannampandal; Plankton seasonal abundance & composition 13905003314" 2n1:0 HNHRotifers from diapausing, fertilized eggs: Unique features and emergence"Gilbert, J. J. Schroeder, T.'RLDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA Limnology and OceanographyLimnol. Oceanogr.s494, pt. 2 1341-1354o Juln 0024-3590 0)Sexual reproduction in cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers results in the production of diapausing, fertilized (resting) eggs, which can survive for decades in sediment egg banks. Stem females hatching from these eggs can differ from genetically identical ones produced in subsequent parthenogenetic generations. Differences involve the inhibition of sexual reproduction, which may persist for many parthenogenetic generations; reduced morphology (apterous Polyarthra, shorter-spined Brachionus); and larger stores of lipid. These features of stem females may facilitate colonization by favoring population growth via female parthenogenesis and by decreasing food requirements for survival and reproduction. Fertilized eggs in dried sediments probably hatch soon after being flooded by rising water levels. Eggs in permanently submerged sediments may be in environments that inhibit hatching (e.g., darkness, low water temperature, low dissolved oxygen) and hatch only when brought to the sediment surface or resuspended into the water column by currents or bioturbation. Laboratory experiments show that the hatching of diapausing, fertilized eggs can require light and temperatures suitable for population development or specific changes in temperature consistent with a new growing season. The limited data that exist on their emergence from fertilized eggs in natural systems come from sediment traps, from the occurrence in the water column of apterous Polyarthra or empty egg shells, and from calculations of negative mortality rates of planktonic populations. Fertilized eggs often hatch at the beginning of the growth season but may continue to hatch intermittently thereafter. The extremely high genotypic diversity of some natural rotifer populations indicates extensive hatching of stem females from the sediment egg bank. 2004Journal ArticleEggs; Sediments; Hatching; Water column; Temperature requirements; Sexual reproduction; Dissolved oxygen; Traps; Polyarthra; Brachionus D 04655 Invertebrates - general6008244189-200$://000226854400002 & Girgin, S. Kazanci, N. Dugel, M.@9On the limnology of deep and saline Lake Burdur in Turkey*#Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologicak81Limnological characteristics of Lake Burdur in Lake District in south-western Turkey are presented. It is a deep, tectonic (estimated max. depth 100 m), athalassic, highly alkaline, and saline lake. A set of physical and chemical variables was monitored, phyto- and zooplankton was sampled from surface layer of the lake during 1997. Physico-chemical variables indicated that the lake is hyposaline and composed of some hydrochemically different water layers formed by groundwater sources located on the bottom of the lake. The phytoplankton composition of Lake Burdur consisted of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, and Chrysophyta. The abundance and number of species of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were higher than the other taxa. The zooplankton composition of the Lake consisted of Rhizopoda, Rotifera, and Crustacea. Number of species of Rotifera was higher than the other taxa. The diversities of the phyto- and zooplankton were calculated according to the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The diversity of each group was found to be low in the lake.t Sepr 2004323iISI:000226854400002u 1-13$://000220447100001mJCGiribet, G. Sorensen, M. V. Funch, P. Kristensen, R. M. Sterrer, W.`YInvestigations into the phylogenetic position of Micrognathozoa using four molecular lociF@Cladistics-the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society Micrognathozoa is the most recently discovered higher metazoan lineage. The sole known species of the group, Limnognathia maerski, was originally reported from running freshwater in Disko Island (Greenland), and has recently been recorded from the subantarctic region. Because of the presence of a particular type of jaws formed of special cuticularized rods, similar to those of gnathostomulids and rotifers, the three metazoan lineages were considered closely related, and assigned to the clade Gnathifera. A phylogenetic comparison Of four molecular loci for Limnognathia maerski and other newly generated sequences of mainly acoelomate animals showed that Micrognathozoa may constitute an independent lineage from those of Gnathostomulida and Rotifera. However, the exact position of Micrognathozoa could not be determined due to the lack of support for any given relationships and due to the lack of stability in the position of Limnognathia maerski under analysis of different loci and of different parameter sets for sequence comparison. Nuclear loci tend to place Micrognathozoa with the syndermatan/cycliophoran taxa, but the addition of the mitochodrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I favors a relationship of Micrognathozoa to Entoprocta. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2004. Feb 2004201ISI:000220447100001Geographical and seasonal variations in taxonomic composition, abundance and biomass of microzooplankton across a brackish-water lagoonal system of Japan Godhantaraman, N. Uye, S.i"Journal of Plankton Research255. Maya 2003465-482 English The taxonomic composition, abundance and biomass of microzooplankton were studied at eight stations in Lake ShinjiOhashi RiverLake Nakaumi brackish-water system, Japan, monthly from April 1998 to March 1999. Over the entire area, naked ciliates numerically dominated the microzooplankton community (annual mean 39.6%) followed, in order, by tintinnids (30.3%), copepod nauplii (24.6%) and rotifers (5.5%). The abundance of each taxonomic group of microzooplankton varied geographically due to large salinity variations (range 1.533.3 p.s.u.). It was notable that naked ciliates occurred overwhelmingly in Lake Shinji (54.9% of total microzooplankton) and rotifers were relatively numerous in Lake Shinji (8.8%) and Ohashi River (11.1%), where the salinity was lower (annual mean 4.1 and 13.6 p.s.u., respectively) than in Lake Nakaumi and Sakai Strait (26.3 and 29.8 p.s.u., respectively). Owing to large seasonal temperature variation (range 5.429.8[degree]C), the abundance of microzooplankton showed marked seasonal variations, being higher in spring and summer than in the remaining seasons. A total of 49 species of tintinnids were identified, and 15 of these species reached concentrations >500 individuals l-l. The occurrence of most tintinnid species was confined to certain months or locations, closely associated with species-specific temperature and salinity preference and/or tolerance. In this eutrophic system, food supply for microzooplankton might be sufficient due to extremely high chlorophyll a concentration (annual mean 8.8 [mu]g l-l in Sakai Strait to 22.6 [mu]g l-l in Lake Shinji). However, microzooplankton biomass remained moderate (range 0.1918.7 [mu]g C l-l) due probably to heavy predation by mesozooplankton, which inhabit this brackish-water system at extremely high biomass.`ZEcology; Habitat; Abiotic factors; Marine zones; Pacific Ocean Comprehensive Zoology; Biomass; Community structure, environmental factors effects; Brackish habitat; Brackish lagoon system; Abiotic factors, effects; West Pacific; Japan; Honshu; Biomass & community structure, geographical & seasonal variation, microplanktonic taxa; Lagoon habitat 13910001859@bEjsmont-Karabin, Jolanta 2003XQRotifera of lake psammon: Community structure versus trophic state of lake waters\ Polish Journal of Ecology\511\ 5-35 13907001424Ecology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Abiotic factors; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Rotifera; Community structure; Interstitial habitat; Lake; Beach wet sands; Chemical factors; Water trophic state; Community structure relations; Poland; Masurian Lake District, lake beach wet sands, water trophic state relations ...Rotifera Invertebrates; RotifersRotifer communities inhabiting wet sands of lake beaches are dependent in their functioning on permanent input of organic matter from neighbouring sites. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that trophic state of lake waters may influence densities and structure of psammon communities of Rotifera. Studies were carried out in hydro-, hygro- and euarenal of 44 beaches in 18 lakes of different trophy in summer 1999 (since 2 till 17 July) and 38 beaches in 16 lakes in spring 2000 (since 10 till 23 May). Psammon was sampled always between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. at similar weather conditions (no shadow. rains and strong winds). Interstitial waters were mostly alkaline and contained less oxygen than lake ones and oxygen concentrations decreased upward water line. Very high variability of phosphate P content made differences between trophic groups of lakes not significant. Similarly, concentrations of P total were more or less similar in all studied trophic groups of lakes. Total nitrogen values were increasing from meso-eutrophic to hypertrophic lakes in spring, whereas this trend was not observed in summer. Chlorophyll a concentrations were similar in meso-, meso-eu- and eutrophic and markedly higher in hypertrophic lakes. In general, some tendency to increasing values of chemical parameters with increasing trophy may be seen if their ranking list is compared. Rotifers were present in all studied stations. In total, 110 species (i.e. ca. 26% of all records of rotifer species in Poland) were found with 22 species occurring exclusively in psammon. Three species new in rotifer fauna of Poland were discovered [long dash] Cephalodella psammophila, Collotheca wiszniewski and Euchlanis dapidula. Generally all trophic groups of lakes were relatively similar as regards species structure of rotifer communities with rotifers of the genus Lecane playing most important role. The index of Percentage Similarity of Community calculated for randomly chosen 30 pairs of particular beaches from the same lake and for beaches of different lakes was in both cases almost identical. Species of high frequency constituted the overwhelming majority of individuals forming rotifer communities of all beaches. Taxons met in 1 to 5 lakes decided on faunistic originality of the communities. Some tendency was observed for higher diversity of psammon rotifer communities in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. The lowest values of diversity index occurred mostly in hypertrophic lakes. Psammobionts constituted only 20% and psammoxens 10% of the community abundance in all lakes and all zones of the beaches, whereas psammophilic rotifers decidedly dominated (70%). Rotifer abundance was relatively similar in eu- and hypertrophic lakes and markedly higher in mesotrophic and lower in meso-eutrophic lakes. However, due to high fluctuations of the values noted in particular beaches the differences were not significant in any of the possible configurations of compared data. Monogononta played much more important role in rotifer densities than bdelloids. The hypothesis on advantageous influence of high trophy of lake waters on abundance of psammon communities of Rotifera cannot be supported by results of this work. In lakes of moderate trophy (from meso- to eutrophy) the amount of nutrients and chlorophyll does not seem to influence psammon communities. In hypertrophic lakes this impact is observed, but it seems to be rather unfavourable for psammon rotifers. The communities in hypertrophic lakes are poorer in species, less diversified and less original. The group of animals developing well in this group of lakes are bdelloids. Species composition nad community structure of psammon rotifers seem to be rather determined by many different factors, lake trophy being only one of them and probably not the main one. EnglishL *('bD`Ejsmont-Karabin, Jolanta 2003|vIs sandy beach of the lake an ecotone? Psammon rotifera in a mesotrophic Lake Kuc (Masurian Lakeland, Northern Poland) Polish Journal of Ecology  512219-224 13909001425<5Ecology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Abiotic factors; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Rotifera; Community structure; Seasonal dynamics; Population dynamics; Community structure seasonal changes; Environmental indicators; Community structure dynamics; Lake, guide to ecotones; Abiotic factors; Community structure ecotone indicator value relationships, lake psammolittoral zone; Poland; Masurian Lakeland; Lake Kuc; Community structure seasonal dynamics, ecotone indicator, psammolittoral zone ...Rotifera Invertebrates; RotifersiIs inshore, 2-cm layer of wet sand an ecotone? An attempt of this study is to answer the question by analysing characteristic patterns of a structure of rotifer communities inhabiting the psammolitoral zone. Psammon was sampled from sandy shore of a mesotrophic Lake Kuc (Masurian Lakeland, Poland), weekly from May to November 1996 and on one occasion in May 1998. Despite of extremely unfavourable conditions of their abiotic habitat, psammon rotifers of Lake Kuc were reaching occasionally extremely high densities. Seasonal dynamics of numbers and structure of psammon rotifer communities reflected variable character of their habitat. A course of the changes was similar in less variable higropsammon and extremely variable eupsammon. Patterns formed in psammolittoral [long dash] when illustrated with qualitative and quantitative features of psammon rotifer communities [long dash] fit definitions of an ecosystem, an ecotone, a part of a land /water ecotone, a microlayer in the ecosystem or a specific boundary zone in the lake ecosystem. English363-368$://000223852200012tEjsmont-Karabin, J. zsAre community composition and abundance of psammon Rotifera related to grain-size structure of beach sand in lakes?t Polish Journal of EcologylF?The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the size distribution of sand grains in lake beach should affect the species composition, densities and body-size structure of psammon communities of Rotifera. Studies were carried out in hydro-, hygro- and euarenal zones of 38 beaches (5 to 50 m long and 1 to 10 m wide) in 16 lakes of different trophic status and morphometry (Masurian Lakeland, Poland). Porosity has no impact on psammon rotifer numbers as well as body-size of animals does not seem to play a significant role in species preference to different size classes of sand grains. However, the significant correlations were found between the rotifer numbers and the share of grain size fraction 0.25-1.00 mm (positive) and the share of the largest (i.e. > 1 mm) fraction (negative). The psammobionts generally are more related to the grain size fraction 0.5-1.0 mm than the psammoxenes and psammophiles. Although particular rotifer species prefer different grain size fractions, bdelloids are the only group of Rotifera preferring the smallest (<0.125 mm) grain fraction. 2004523ISI:000223852200012275-284$://000223852200003oF@Ejsmont-Karabin, J. Gorelysheva, Z. Kalinowska, K. Weglenska, T.Role of zooplankton (Ciliata, Rotifera and Crustacea) in phosphorus removal from cycling: Lakes of the river Jorka watershed (Masuria Lakeland, Poland)c Polish Journal of Ecology xqAccording to a theory of lake restoration through food web manipulation, the removal of planktivorous fish results in the development of large cladocerans (mostly daphnids) and, consequently, in reduction of algal biomass. However, as a rule, publications devoted to different aspects of the theory completely neglected other groups of plankton invertebrates, thought they may reach very high densities. Investigations carried out in five Masurian lakes differing in trophic state and mixis showed that in most lakes the role of small cladocerans, copepods, rotifers and protozoans in the consumption of algal food and nutrient regeneration was more important than the role of large daphnids. Daphnia cucullata played more significant role (excreting 28% of the regenerated P) during "clear water phase" only in one lake - Lake Glgbokie. In the remaining lakes more important was an impact of Bosmina longirostris (11-59% of the regenerated P), younger stages of cyclopoids (23%), ciliate Strobilidium humile (20%) or detritophagous rotifer Keratella cochlearis (21%). Evidenced in many papers special role of large cladocerans in clearing lake water is explained by their combined direct (by "efficient" filtering) and indirect (suppression of ciliates and rotifers through predation, interference and resource competition) impact on nutrient sedimentation or exclusion from internal cycling. 2004523ISI:000223852200003rkSpatial and seasonal variation of the zooplankton in the coastal zone and main khors of Lake Nasser (Egypt)e,&El-Shabrawy, Gamal M. Dumont, Henri J. Hydrobiologia 491 2003119-132uEnglishiA prominent feature of Lake Nasser is the presence of khors (dendritic side extensions). We studied the zooplankton of the larger khors and coastal zone of the main lake in 1996 and 1997, and found an assemblage of rotifers, cladocerans and copepods that was partly tropical, partly temperate, at relatively high biomasses. Spatial differences were weak, but the upstream khors (Toushka and Korosko) were consistently richer than the downstream khors (El-Ramla and Kalabsha), with a rather sudden transition around km 150 at El Madiq. Summer standing crops were higher than those in winter by a factor 2-3. The zooplankton of the littoral of the main channel showed the same spatial pattern as that in the khors, being more abundant in spring (average 82 300 ind m-3) than in autumn (average 72 700 ind m-3). Zooplankton dry weight increased from 4 g m-2 at khor El-Ramla to 7 g m-2 at khor Toushka. These rather high values had low variation. The number of species, diversity and evenness all showed a high degree of similarity among the khors and in the littoral of the main lake. The lake fish fauna is poor, lacking a pelagic planktivore. The predominance of medium-sized Copepoda (one calanoid, two cyclopoids) in the zooplankton suggests that fish predation is moderate. This is confirmed by the persistence of two Daphnia species at low abundance, although rather strong variations in time suggest that Cladocera suffer from summer predation by invertebrates (copepods) as well as vertebrates (mostly larval fish). Because the zooplankton is underutilised by higher trophic levels, we suggest to assess the benefits of introducing a pelagic zooplanktivorous fish.Ecology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Abiotic factors; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Rotifera; Community structure; Spatial & seasonal variation in plankton assemblage; Distribution within habitat; Spatiotemporal distribution patterns; Seasonal & spatial variation & influencing factors, lake coastal zone & main khors; Lake; Coastal zone & main khors; Spatial & seasonal variation in plankton community & environmental influencing factors; Abiotic factors; Physicochemical factors; Spatial & seasonal plankton variation relationships in coastal zone & main khors; Egypt; Lake Nasser; Spatial & seasonal variation in plankton community in coastal zone & main khors Cladocera; Copepoda; Community structure; Spatial & seasonal variation in plankton assemblage, lake coastal zone & main khors; Distribution within habitat; Spatiotemporal distribution patterns; Lake; Coastal zone & main khors; Abiotic factors; Physicochemical factors; Egypt; Lake Nasser; Spatial & seasonal variation in plankton community in coastal zone & main khors ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea ...Copepoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifersh 13911001372 N PhTNReduction of suspended biomass in municipal wastewater using bdelloid rotifers"Lapinski, J. Tunnacliffe, A. 2003Water research3792027-34Clarification of municipal wastewater was shown to be improved significantly by the addition of cultured bdelloid rotifers. The rate and degree of suspended particle removal were correlated with rotifer number. The size range of unsettled particles suspended in wastewater was determined and found to overlap with the size range of particles consumed by rotifers. Rotifers were shown to have two distinct effects on suspended particles: consumption of biomass due to feeding activity; and improved settling, probably due to enhanced aggregation. These experiments demonstrate the potential for the use of bdelloid rotifers in an enhanced wastewater treatment process, with reduced biomass production and improved effluent clarity.60Using Smart Source Parsing May 0043-1354 EnglishAnimal; Biomass; Cities; Feeding Behavior; Rotifera; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Waste Disposal, Fluid: methods; Water Purification: methods12691887387-390$://000186134300029"Lapinski, J. Tunnacliffe, A.:4Anhydrobiosis without trehalose in bdelloid rotifers Febs LetterslfEukaryotes able to withstand desiccation enter a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis, which is thought to require accumulation of the non-reducing disaccharides trehalose (animals, fungi) and sucrose (plants), acting as water replacement molecules and vitrifying agents. We now show that clonal populations of bdelloid rotifers Philodina roseola and Adineta vaga exhibit excellent desiccation tolerance, but that trehalose and other disaccharides are absent from carbohydrate extracts of dried animals. Furthermore, trehalose synthase genes (tps) were not found in rotifer genomes. This first observation of animal anhydrobiosis without trehalose challenges our current understanding of the phenomenon and calls for a re-evaluation of existing models. (C) 2003 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2003 Oct 23 553i3hISI:000186134300029eF?Chemically induced anti-predator defences in plankton: A revieweLass, Sandra Spaak, Piet Hydrobiologiau 491o 2003221-2390English h aPlanktonic organisms exhibit diverse morphological, behavioural and life-history responses to the chemical presence of potential predators. Prey organisms have been found to sense such predators via predator-derived kairomones. The induced reactions are assumed to reduce predation risk and thus to be adaptive. Numerous studies have investigated various aspects of inducible defences in different crustaceans, in rotifers, planktonic ciliates and algae. As a first step, we summarise recent work on chemically induced anti-predator defences in morphology, life history and behaviour. Morphological defences have been found in a wide range of different plankton organisms and recent studies on predator-induced morphologies mainly addressed the question of costs for these changes. Life-history responses were mainly studied in cladocerans and several studies have recently addressed some novel topics, such as diapause induction and the influence of predator kairomones on hatching of resting stages. Behavioural anti-predator defences also have been found for several plankton species and are characterised by relatively fast induction times. We further identified four research directions in which substantial progress has been made recently: (I) The effects of simultaneous exposure to infochemicals from different predators and the consequences of a complex chemical environment. Some environmental contaminants, such as synthetic chemicals or heavy metals, have been found to potentially disturb natural chemical communication in aquatic predator-prey systems. (II) The influence of genetic variation on the reaction to infochemicals and its implications. Clonal differences have not only been found for the presence or absence of a certain trait but also with respect to the type of response. (III) The degree to which different types of responses to a specific kairomone are coupled. Recent studies underline the uncoupling of different anti-predator responses of which some have been considered to be coupled. (IV) Studies on the chemical properties and on the metabolic origin of predator kairomones. Substantial progress has been made recently, especially with respect to the identification of predator kairomones that are important for planktonic ciliates. The identification and isolation of kairomones are an important step towards studies addressing the consequences of predator-induced defences on the level of populations, communities and ecosystems. So far most studies have considered effects and consequences on the level of individual prey organisms and studies taking the consequences at higher ecological levels into account are rare.ztDocumentation; Publications; Sensory reception; Behaviour; Agonistic behaviour; Ecology Comprehensive Zoology; Literature review; Chemoreception; Chemically induced anti predator behaviour in plankton; Defensive behaviour; Anti predator defensive behaviour; Chemically induced behaviour in plankton; Predators; Chemically induced anti predator defences in plankton, review 13911002831haPhotosynthesis, mixotrophy and microbial plankton dynamics in two high Arctic lakes during summer2,Laybourn-Parry, Johanna Marshall, William A. Polar Biologyl268r August 2003517-524 EnglishePhotosynthesis and microbial plankton dynamics of two lakes in the Kongsfjorden catchment of Spitzbergen (Svalbard Archipelago, 78[degree]N) were investigated during the summer of 2000. One of the lakes (Tvillingvatnet) served as the water supply for the village of Ny Alesund. The other was a deeper, larger unnamed lake in the Ossian Sarsfjella reserve[long dash]named Lake OS in this study. Both lakes can be classified as oligotrophic on the basis of chlorophyll a and inorganic nutrient concentrations. Chlorophyll a concentrations ranged between 0.33 and 1.65 [mu]g l-1 in Tvillingvatnet and 0.2 and 0.3 [mu]g l-1 in Lake OS. The phytoplankton was dominated by chrysophytes and cryptophytes, with the diatom Rhizosolenia and a number of dinoflagellate species. Rates of photosynthesis were typically low, between 24.5 [mu]g and 1.0 mg l-1 day-1 in Tvillingvatnet (photo-synthetic efficiency 0.004-0.26), and between 3.1 and 29.5 [mu]g l-1 day-1 in Lake OS (photosynthetic efficiency 0.0019-0.0085). Among the phytoflagellates (PNAN) there were a number of mixotrophs which reached their peaks of abundance before other PNAN. Mixotrophy appeared to provide a competitive advantage. Grazing rates for the mixotroph Dinobryon ranged between 0.063 and 1.12 pg C cell-1 day-1 in Lake OS and between 0.22 and 1.11 pg cell-1 day-1 in Tvillingvatnet, with rates increasing between July and August. However, Dinobryon removed less than 1% of bacterial biomass day-1, while the heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN) removed up to 28% of bacterial biomass day-1. Bacterial concentrations were low, with a maximum of 28.8x108 l-1 in Tvillingvatnet and 23.6x108 l-1 in Lake OS. Ciliated protozoan and rotifer diversity in the plankton was low.82Nutrition; Ecology; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Oceanic islands Protozoa; Nutrition; Mixotrophy; Community structure; Dynamics; Population dynamics; Lakes; Lake; Arctic Ocean islands; Svalbard; Spitsbergen; Kongsfjorden catchment lakes; Microbial photosynthesis, mixotrophy & dynamics Phytomastigophorea; Photosynthesis; Arctic Ocean islands; Svalbard; Spitsbergen; Kongsfjorden catchment lakes, mixotrophy & dynamics ...Protozoa ...Phytomastigophorea; Mastigophora; Sarcomastigophora; Protozoa Invertebrates; Protozoans 13910002954e O 923-929$://000228233100010r>8Lowe, C. D. Kemp, S. J. Bates, A. D. Montagnes, D. J. S.NGEvidence that the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is not an osmoconformeryMarine BiologytmThe rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is euryhaline ( growing between 2 and 97 ppt) and has previously been considered an osmoconformer. We suggest that B. plicatilis is an osmoregulator, exhibiting a pattern of Na+/ K+ ATPase activity in response to salinity consistent with that of other osmoregulating euryhaline invertebrates. To examine salinity tolerance, growth rates between 5 and 60 ppt were determined. The activity of Na+/ K+ ATPase was examined, over the same range of salinities, by measuring ATPase activity in rotifer homogenates in the presence and absence of a Na+/ K+ ATPase inhibitor. Maximum specific growth rate (0.95 day(-1)) occurred at 16 ppt, highest mean amictic eggs per female (1.41) occurred at 20 ppt, and both parameters decreased rapidly as salinity increased. Egg development time was constant with salinity at 0.92 days. The activity of Na+/ K+ ATPase per milligram protein increased from 3.9 mu mol h(-1) at 5 ppt to 6.8 mu mol h(-1) at 50 ppt and accounted for 15 and 30% of total ATPase activity, respectively. We suggest that these observations are consistent with increasing stress at high salinities and the occurrence of a hypo-osmoregulatory response. Given the high ATP consumption of Na+/ K+ ATPase at high salinities, it is possible that a proportion of the corresponding decreases in growth rate and egg production are a direct cost of regulation.i Aprp 2005 14635.ISI:000228233100010eZSF0-spectra of chlorophyll fluorescence for the determination of zooplankton grazingi,&Luerling, Miquel Verschoor, Antonie M. Hydrobiologia 491 2003145-157Englishe t nIn the PHYTO-PAM phytoplankton analyzer the minimal fluorescence of dark-adapted samples (F0) was assessed, which gives direct information on the chlorophyll-a content. Clearance rates (CR) of Daphnia and Brachionus were calculated from a decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration using the PHYTO-PAM fluorometer for non-sacrificial sampling of chlorophyll-a. Clearance rates of Daphnia were measured and compared with those based on the cell-counts method using an electronic particle counter (Coulter counter). Chlorophyll fluorescence-based CR for Daphnia magna were very strongly correlated with Coulter-based CR, signifying the potential suitability of the PHYTO-PAM in grazing experiments. A procedure for determination of rotifer clearance rates was developed and the effects of rotifer density, duration of the grazing period, and food concentration on CR were investigated. Between 10 and 30 rotifers in 2.5 ml food suspension (i.e. 4-12 rotifers per ml) appeared optimal for calculating CR. The application of the deconvolution of F0-spectra in food selectivity experiments was evaluated using various mixtures of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus and the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa fed to Brachionus. CR for Brachionus on M. aeruginosa were lower than on S. obliquus but this was not caused by toxicity, because no mortality was observed. The higher CR on Scenedesmus than on Microcystis in the mixtures suggested selectivity. The importance of digital suppression of background fluorescence is highlighted in additional experiments with Daphnia feeding on mixtures of Microcystis and Scenedesmus, or on Microcystis alone. Without background correction of filtered samples, negative clearance rates were obtained for the 'blue' Microcystis signal. Soluble fluorescing compounds of cyanobacterial origin, phycocyanin, were released from the Daphnia and contributed 40% to the overall-fluorescence. Deconvolution of F0-spectra for the determination of chlorophyll-a using the PHYTO-PAM appears to be a suitable tool for determination of rotifer CR even at very low food concentrations. A drawback of the method is that rather high rotifer densities are required. The required grazing period, however, is shorter than for cell-count methods, the method is sensitive, clearance rates can be measured at low food concentrations (<0.1 mg C l-1) and information on selective feeding can be obtained.Techniques; Nutrition; Diet Brachionus calycifloris; Brachionus rubens (Rotifera ); Daphnia magna (Cladocera ); Feeding analysis techniques; Algal clearance rate estimation; Suitability of PHYTO PAM fluorometer based chlorophyll a fluorescence spectra analysis; Food plants; Desmodesmus; Scenedesmus & Microcystis; Feeding rate; Algal clearance rate ...Rotifera ...Cladocera; Branchiopoda; Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates; Rotifers 13911003083d]Biological productivity of Lake Towada, a north temperate, oligotrophic, kokanee fishery lakeTNMakino, Wataru Mikami, Hajime Katano, Noboru Nakagawa, Megumi Takamura, Noriko Limnology 4s2a August 2003 79-90 Englisht During the Lake Towada survey from April through October 1998, we measured primary production at shore and offshore stations, and calculated crustacean zooplankton production from samples collected at the offshore station. We then analyzed these data and compared them with commercial fishery data in order to discuss the energy flow in this lake where kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) fisheries are one of the main businesses. At all stations, primary production was relatively high: 150-300 mg Cm-2 day-1 in April-mid-June and lower at ca. 100 mg Cm-2 day-1 thereafter. The variation in primary productivity could largely be explained by multiple regression models that included phytoplankton biomass and ambient nutrient conditions as independent variables. Among zooplankton, rotifers had their peak abundance in May, before the crustacean zooplankton (Daphnia longispina, Bosmina longirostris, and Acanthodiaptomus pacificus) population was well established. D. longispina dominated the crustacean zooplankton community in terms of biomass and production; their production during the study period made up 80% of crustacean community production (19.6 g dry-wt m-2), which was 40% of primary production during the survey. In July, when the abundance of D. longispina was particularly high, their daily production slightly exceeded daily primary production, which resulted in ca. 30% and 75% reduction in the amount of particulate organic carbon and chlorophyll a, respectively, during this period. The community ingestion rate of crustacean zooplankton, calculated from their daily production (D. longispina accounted for 90%) and the assumption that their gross production efficiency (K1) was 60%, could roughly explain this reduction of particulate matter, corroborating previous studies that the grazing of D. longispina can significantly improve the water transparency of this lake. The catch of kokanee and pond smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus nipponensis, another important fish in the lake) during the survey corresponded to 1.1% of crustacean community production, and corresponded to 0.45% of the primary production, which is one of the highest recorded values. Bearing in mind that D. longispina was the major food item of planktivorous fish such as kokanee and pond smelt, the present study suggests that the energy transfer from phytoplankton to zooplankton to fish is outstandingly efficient, compared with other aquatic ecosystems, when D. longispina dominates in the lake.D>Ecology; Ecological energetics; Habitat; Freshwater habitat; Lentic water; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region Crustacea; Biomass; Productivity; Energy flow; Community structure; Lake; Japan; Honshu; Lake Towada, energy flow & productivity, planktonic taxa ...Crustacea Arthropods; Crustaceans; Invertebrates 13911003173 sq2Biota Biotechnology($biotic & abiotic influencing factorsBiotic factors Bivalves BivalviaBlack sea bass Blue mussel Body & eggBody & egg sizeBody conditions Body shape Body sizeBody wall musculature BoeckellaBoeckella michaelseniBosmina longirostris$Bosmina longirostris & DaphniaBosmina longispina Botswana BouakeBrachionidae (Rotifera )Brachionidae (Rotifera) BrachionusBrachionus angularis$Brachionus angularis (Rotifera)Brachionus bidentataBrachionus calyciflorisBrachionus calyciflorus(#Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera )("Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera)($Brachionus diversicornis (Rotifera )("Brachionus havanaensis (Rotifera )Brachionus ibericusBrachionus leydigi$!Brachionus Pallas 1766 (Rotifera)Brachionus plicatilis$!Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera )$ Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera)Brachionus quadridentatusBrachionus rotundiformis(#Brachionus rotundiformis (Rotifera) Brachionus rubens (Rotifera ) Brachionus rubens (Rotifera) Brachionus urceus (Rotifera BrackishBrackish habitatBrackish lagoon systemBrackishwater environment Branchiopoda Brandenburg BrazilBrazil, Parana R.Brazil, Sao Paulo, SaoBrine shrimp culture Bullfrog Burbot by CommissionBythotrephes longimanus Cadmium Caesium 137 Calanoida calyciflorus Cameras Canada Canada, Canopies capricornutumCarassius auratus Carbohydrates Carbon Carbon cycle41Carbon deficit assessments based on phytoplanktonCarbon dioxide Carlos, Monjolinho Reservoir Carotenoids Cationic caudatumCellsCentropomus parallelusCentropristis striataCephalodella edaxCephalodella evabroedaeCephalodella hoodi$Cephalodella hoodi (Rotifera ) ceratopogonesCercopagis pengoi cerevisiaeCeriodaphnia dubiaCeriodaphnia magna Cesium Chaetonotida,&changes in temperature & precipitationChannel catfish Chaoboridae ChaoborusChaoborus (Chaoboridae)Chaoborus (Diptera) Check lists Checklists ChemicalChemical composition,&Chemical disinfectant exposure effectsChemical factorsChemical oxygen demandChemical pollutantsChemical pollutionChemical signalsChemical: toxicityChemically induced$ Chemically induced anti predator<6Chemically induced anti predator behaviour in plankton chemistryChemoreceptionChinaChina, People'sChina, People's Rep.,'China, People's Rep., Anhui Prov., Wuhu,&China, People's Rep., Guangdong Prov.,Chinese mitten crab ChlamydomonasChlamydomonas reinhardtii,'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii & Cryptomonas ChlorellaChlorella minutissimaChlorella pyrenoidosaChlorella vulgaris Chlorophyll0+chlorophyll a fluorescence spectra analysis@://000185597700010Xi, Y. L. Hu, H. Y.|vEffect of thiophanate-methyl on the reproduction and survival of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus pallas<6Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2003 OctL714tISI:000185597700010t^XTemperature Effect on the Life History of Three Types of Brachionus calyciflorus FemalesXi, Y. Huang, X.'pjCollege of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China, [mailto:yilongxi@mail.wh.ah163.net]2+Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnologye Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 222i192-197  0254-4059 ztThe effect of temperature on the life history characteristics of amictic females (AF), unfertilized mictic females (UMF) and fertilized mictic females (FMF) in Brachionus calyciflorus was studied with replicated individual cultures at 20 degree C, 25 degree C and 30 degree C, and with algae Scenedesmus obliquus for their food. There were highly significant effects of both temperature and female type, independently and interactively, on the duration of juvenile and post-reproduction periods, and the number of eggs produced by the rotifer per life cycle. Among all the temperature-female type combinations, all the juvenile periods of FMF, and the post-reproduction periods of UMF and FMF at 20 degree C, were the longest, and the number of eggs produced by an UMF at 30 degree C was the highest. There were highly significant effects of both temperature and female type on the duration of the reproduction period, but no clear correlation was observed between temperature and female type. The reproduction period of AF was longer than that of UMF and FMF. Only temperature influenced significantly the mean life-span of the three types of females. The duration of juvenile, reproduction and post-reproduction periods as well as the life-span of the three types of females were all reduced very significantly with rise of temperature, but the rates of reduction varied with female type. Among the three types of females, the number of eggs produced per life cycle by an UMF was the highest, and that of a FMF was the lowest. A significant relationship between the number of eggs produced per life cycle and temperature was observed only in the UMF. 20042004. Journal Articlep Life cycle; Temperature effects; Parthenogenesis; Plant physiology; Abiotic factors; Life history; Reproductive cycle; Females; Brachionus calyciflorus; Scenedesmus obliquus Q1 01422 Environmental effects; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; O 1030 Invertebrates5916995, R xCecchi, Philippe Cerbin, S. Cermola, F.Cerqueira, V. R.Champalbert, G.Champalbert, Gisele Chase, J. M.Chatzinikolaou, E.Chauton, Matilde S. Chen, F. Chen, Yue-Qin Cheng, S. H. Chern, J. N. Chittapun, S. Chou, J. J.Christner, B. C.Christoffersen, K. Ciarelli, S.Ciros-Perez, J. Clay, T. W. Cobb, T. P.Cobcroft, J. M.Conceicao, L. E.Conceicao, L. E. C.Conde-Porcuna, J. M.Conde-Porcuna, Jose M. Convey, P. Corbin, D.Corbin, Daniel Costa, C. L. Cromer, L.Cummings, M. P. Cvejic, J. H.de Azevedo, F. De Bem, M. M.De Charleroy, D.de la Noue, J.De Lange, Hendrika J. de Meeus, T.de Seixas, J. T.De Smet, W. H. Decamp, O. Del Valls, A.DellaGreca, M. Deng, D. G. Derry, A. M.Derry, Alison M. Dervo, B. K. Descy, J. Descy, J. P. Detry, C. Di Gioia, L. Dinis, M. T. Dodds, W. K. Dominik, J. Dong, L. L. Dong, S. L. Dong, Yunwei Dooremont, I.Drozdowski, G.Drozdowski, I. Dubbeldam, M. Dubova, L. Dugel, M. Duggan, I. C.Duggan, Ian C. Dumas, S. Dumont, H. J.Dumont, Henri J. Duncan, H.Dunstan, G. A.Dvoryanchikov, G. A. Dworak, T. Easton, J.Edmondson, W. T.Ehlers, UlrichEjsmont-Karabin, J.Ejsmont-Karabin, JolantaEl-Shabrawy, Gamal M.Ellison, A. M. Ellner, S. P.Ellner, Stephen P. Elser, J. J. Elzer, Ulrich Ertl, S. Everbecq, E.Evgen'ev, M. B.Faafeng, Bjorn A. Fahd, K.Fejes, Elizabeth Feng, Fuying Feng, L. K. Feng, M. Y.Fernandez-Alvarez, L. Ferrari, B. Ferriol, C. Fields, D. M.Fiorentino, A. Fisher, N. S. Fitch, D. H.Flores-Burgos, J.Flores-Nava, A. Floris, V. Fontaine, C. Fontaneto, D.Fontaneto, Diego Forja, J. M. Fott, J. Fraysse, B.Fresner, RoswithaFriberg-Jensen, U. Fukami, T. Funch, P. Funch, PeterFussmann, G. F.Fussmann, Gregor F. Fyhn, H. Fyhn, H. J. Gaedke, U.Gama-Flores, J. L.Gandolfi, Andrea Garcia, C. E. Garcia, G.Garcia-Miralles, T.Garcia-Roger, E. M. Garric, J. Ge, Y. L.Gelwick, Frances Geng, H. Geng, Hong Gentili, A.$ Ghazy, Mahassen Mohammed El-DeebGibson, J. A. E.Gilbert, J. J.Gilbert, John J. Girgin, S. Giribet, G.Giudice, R. L.Godhantaraman, N.Godinho, Mirna J. L. Godyn, R. Gomes, L. C. Gomez, A. Gomez-Gil, B.Gomez-Marquez, J. L. Gonnella, A. Gonzalez, A.Gonzalez, M. P. Gophen, M.Gorelysheva, Z. Gosselain, V. Grad, G. Gram, L. Graneli, E. Gray, D. K.Graziano, M. L. Green, J. Green, J. D. Guiral, D. Guisande, C. Guo, L. G.Gustafsson, M. K. Gutzmann, E.Gutzmann, Erik Guy, C. S. Hagiwara, A.Hagiwara, AtsushiHairston, N. G.Hairston, N. G. JrHairston, N. G., Jr.Hairston, Nelson G., Jr. Halkett, F. Halvorsen, G. Hamasaki, K.Hampton, S. E. Hanel, L. Harel, Moti Havens, K. E.296-296$://000223701000006Werner, I. Auel, H.oEnvironmental conditions and overwintering strategies of planktonic metazoans in and below coastal fast ice in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) (vol 89, pg 102, 2004) SarsiaA fi296-296$://000223701000006Werner, I. Auel, H.oEnvironmental conditions and overwintering strategies of planktonic metazoans in and below coastal fast ice in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) (vol 89, pg 102, 2004) SarsiaA field study was conducted in Santala Bay with weekly samplings during February and March 2000. Ice thickness was 20-28 cm, snow cover 0-1 cm. The under-ice water column was stratified with a cold (-0.3-0.2degreesC) and less saline (S=2.1-4.9) interface layer. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (0.5-5.8 mg POC l(-1)) and algal pigments (0.3-18.2 mug chlorophyll a l(-1)) were higher in the ice than in the water (0.2-0.5 mg POC l(-1), 1.6-7.1 mug chlorophyll a l(-1)) and peaked mostly in the bottom part of the ice. The thin ice and almost lacking snow cover had favoured an early ice-algal and phytoplankton bloom. The diversity of metazoans was low, with six species in the ice and eight species in the under-ice water. The rotifer Synchaeta cf. littoralis dominated both in ice and water, with maximum abundances of 230 individuals l(-1) in the bottom part of the ice. Rotifer eggs were also observed in the ice. Baltic sea ice seems to be a suitable habitat for rotifers. Nauplii and copepodids of the calanoid Acartia bifilosa in the under-ice water showed some herbivorous feeding (<0.1-0.23 μg gut pigment individual(-1)), but analysis of fatty acids, fatty alcohols and biomarker ratios indicated a more omnivorous/carnivorous diet. Despite low temperatures, this copepod showed growth and development below the ice, doubling in numbers (mainly CI, CII) from 118 to 230 individuals m(-3) during the third week of March. Aug 20 2004894ISI:000223701000006*EpjFingerprints of biocomplexity: Taxon-specific growth of phytoplankton in relation to environmental factorsB;Lehman, J. T. Abella, S. E. B. Litt, A. H. Edmondson, W. T.i'VONatural Science Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA Limnology and OceanographyLimnol. Oceanogr.494, pt. 2 1446-1456 Julp 0024-3590Phytoplankton and environmental conditions in Lake Washington, Seattle, Washington, are discussed from the perspective of dynamic relationships between taxon-specific growth rates and environmental variables. More than four decades of measurements permit inspection of conditions associated with net increase and decrease for 40 phytoplankton species or species groups. Reproducible patterns exist for growth responses to over 25 environmental factors including nutrient chemistry, physical variables, and herbivorous zooplankton species. There appear to be no more than six main modalities of response to environmental factors, and responses to chemical and physical variables show coherence across taxa. Diatoms show a near uniform positive growth response to abundant inorganic nutrients, cold and transparent water, deep mixing, and intolerance for virtually all zooplankton grazers. Many chlorophytes and cyanobacteria show equally uniform growth responses to chemical and physical variables, although their preferences are virtually opposite from the diatoms. They benefit from the presence of copepods but show highly specific growth rate responses to different cladocerans and rotifers. Growth rate variations among the diatoms sort out along gradients of resource and physical factors, but there is coherence to the rise and fall of multiple species. Among the other algal divisions, despite a common set of physical and chemical conditions that promote growth rates, the species do not increase and decrease together. Instead, the prevailing grazer community appears to shape the phytoplankton community by admitting only certain species from the large pool of contenders. 2004Journal Article|vGrowth; Phytoplankton; Cladocera; Rotifera; USA, Washington Water fleas; Rotifers D 04627 Algae/lichens; K 03009 Algae6008254151-158$://000229627400011e*$Linhartova, S. Linhart, J. Uvira, V.B;Benthic rotifers and flow velocity in two low-order streamsBiologiaThe primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship between moss-dwelling and the surrounding mineral substrata-dwelling rotifers with local flow velocity in two low-order streams. Differences in rotifer distribution between riffle and pool areas of the studied streams (the Bystrice, Czech Republic and the Oberer Seebach, Austria) were also assessed. Bdelloid rotifers showed a positive or no significant relationship with local flow velocity within Fontinalis antipyretica and no clear relationship was observed within the mineral bed. However, monogonont rotifers were related to local flow velocity negatively or no significance was found within moss. Our data on the distribution of moss-dwelling monogononts in riffles and pools indicate that monogonont rotifers avoid the erosive impact of higher flow velocity in low-flow areas (pools). No clear relationship was observed within the mineral bed, as in bdelloids. The introduced B/M ratio (i.e., Bdelloidea : Monogononta abundance ratio) seemed to explain the relationship between rotifers and flow velocity better and it was positively dependent on velocity for moss-dwelling rotifers. We found no clear relationship of the B/M ratio with local flow velocity within the mineral substrata. Probably, mineral substrata-dwelling rotifers and/or the mineral bed itself responded differently to flow conditions compared to the exposed clumps of F. antipyretica. Mar0 2005602ISI:000229627400011Effect of food level on population growth, body size, and egg size of two different strains of Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas (Rotifera)Liu, Gui-Yun Xi, Yi-Long$Journal of Freshwater Ecology181 March 2003175-177EnglishB://000229082200013 ,&Chen, F. Xi, Y. L. Ge, Y. L. Xu, X. P.`ZLife history traits of mictic females in two strains of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera)$Journal of Freshwater EcologyanhWe compared the life history traits of unfertilized mictic females (UMF) and fertilized mictic females (FMF) in two strains of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus obtained from Qingdao and Wuhu cities of China and cultured them at three different algal concentrations (2.0, 5.0 and 8.0 x 10(6) cells/ml). Food concentration significantly affected the duration of the post-reproductive period and the egg volume of UMF as well as the duration of the pre-reproductive period, the egg volume, and the reproductive investment of FMF of the Qingdao strain. Food also influenced the pre-reproductive period, the mean life span, the egg volume, and the reproductive investment of UMF and IMF of the Wuhu strain. At the various food concentrations, there were also significant differences in many of the life history characteristics between the two strains of rotifers. Junb 2005202mISI:000229082200013rzsCompetition between the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and the ciliate Euplotes vannus fed on two different algae .(Cheng, S. H. Aoki, S. Maeda, M. Hino, A.'Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1136587, Japan, [mailto:asaoki@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp] Aquaculturep Aquaculturee 241. 1-4l331-343h 26 Nov 0044-8486 PIThe ciliate Euplotes vannus is a common protozoan in mass cultures of rotifers, and rapid reproduction of E. vannus occasionally reduces the rotifer yield. We performed a competition experiment between the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and the ciliate E. vannus. The ciliate was inoculated at three stages of the rotifer growth curve: the lag phase, the logarithmic growth phase and the stationary phase. When feeding on the alga Tetraselmis tetrathele, the ciliate increased and the rotifer growth was suppressed. The interference with rotifer growth was stronger in the lag and stationary phases than in the logarithmic growth phase. In contrast, when feeding on the alga Nannochloropsis oculata, the ciliate did not increase and the rotifer growth was similar to the control. In addition to the competition experiments, super(1) super(5)N incorporation experiments were performed on the ciliate to investigate its food preference. The nitrogen incorporation rates (% of body nitrogen h super(-) super(1)) of the ciliate were 0.7% through dead algae and 1.9% through rotifer feces when using T. tetrathele, and 0.4% through dead algae and 3.4% through rotifer feces when using N. oculata. The incorporation rate through bacteria-free rotifer feces was about one-third that of normal rotifer feces. These results indicated that the ciliate did not incorporate algal nitrogen directly, but rather through the microbial food chain, from phytoplankton to rotifer feces to bacteria. E. vannus incorporated the nitrogen of N. oculata and grew for a short time but the growth was soon suppressed. This growth inhibition may be due to allelopathy of N. oculata for E. vannus. Consequently, we propose that periodic addition of N. oculata should control E. vannus, and that this technique of applying allelopathy should be more sustainable than conventional treatments.f 2004Journal ArticlerCompetition; Food organisms; Protists; Food chains; Mass culture; Inhibitors; Population dynamics; Aquaculture techniques; Food preferences; Nitrogen isotopes; Phytoplankton; Growth curves; Yield; Ciliophora; Euplotes vannus; Brachionus rotundiformis; Tetraselmis tetrathele; Rotifera; Nannochloropsis oculata Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Freshwater Q1 01584 Culture of other aquatic animals; Q3 01584 Culture of other aquatic animals6154829d 259-267$://000229343900006 tnBarreiro, A. GuiXRPredation as a factor mediating resource competition among rotifer sibling species:3Ciros-Perez, J. Carmona, M. J. Lapesa, S. Serra, M.y'Tropical Limnology Project, PILT-UIICSE, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, A.P. 314, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex., Mexico, [mailto:ciros@servidor.unam.mx] Limnology and OceanographyLimnol. Oceanogr.491 40-50 Jan 0024-3590The relevance of predation as a factor mediating the competitive interaction among ecologically very similar species is investigated by experimentally analyzing the effect of the copepod predator Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus on three sibling rotifer species belonging to the Brachionus plicatilis species complex. These rotifer species are similar in shape but show notable differences in body size. Predator and prey species co-occur in brackish waterbodies close to the Mediterranean coast of Spain. First, we characterized differential vulnerability of rotifers to predation. A consistent tendency of higher predation rates on smaller prey (i.e., smaller species and younger individuals) was observed. Analysis of predation showed that predator contact rate did not differ significantly among prey species, but that attack, capture probabilities, and handling time did. Second, we performed population dynamics experiments with two prey species competing for a single resource at different levels of predation. Predation extended coexistence of the competing rotifers, whereas the inferior competitor was excluded in the absence of the predator. In some pairwise experiments, we found that the greater the predation level, the larger the relative increase in density of the inferior competitor. Our results suggest that predation can affect the dynamics of very similar competing species in natural aquatic communities, promoting coexistence. 2004Journal Article3Predation; Competition; Sibling species; Body size; Population levels; Coexistence; Interspecific relationships; Competitors; Body shape; Vulnerability; Zooplankton; Predator prey interactions; Community composition; Species diversity; Population dynamics; Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus; Brachionus plicatilis; Copepoda; Rotifera; Spain Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Brackish D 04655 Invertebrates - general; Q1 01483 Species interactions: general; O 1070 Ecology/Community Studies; Q1 01461 Plankton; O 1030 Invertebrates5842032 plainsSpecies richnessPositional distribution of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols (TAG) of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with fish and seal oils TAG60Ando, Y. Kobayashi, S. Sugimoto, T. Takamaru, N.'Laboratory of Bioresources Chemistry, Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan, [mailto:ando@fish.hokudai.ac.jp] Aquaculture Aquaculture 229 1-4275-288 12 Jan 0044-8486This paper reports the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols (TAG) of rotifers Brachionus plicatilis enriched with marine oils TAG. The rotifers were enriched with fish and seal oils TAG for 4-24 h, and TAG isolated from the enriched rotifers were subjected to stereospecific analysis in order to determine the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3 positions of the TAG. In rotifers enriched with fish oil TAG, DHA was esterified in the three positions of TAG with the distribution patterns of sn-2 (highest)>sn-3>sn-1 (lowest) positions (4- and 8-h enrichments), sn-2sn-3>sn-1 positions (12- and 18-h enrichments) and sn-3>sn-2>sn-1 positions (24-h enrichment). In rotifers enriched with seal oil TAG, DHA showed a consistent pattern of sn-3>sn-1>sn-2 positions (4-24 h). EPA in the 24-h enriched rotifers showed the patterns of sn-3>sn-2sn-1 positions (fish oil TAG enrichment) and sn-3>sn-1>sn-2 positions (seal oil TAG enrichment). In the seal oil TAG enrichment, distribution patterns of DHA and EPA were similar between the dietary TAG and rotifers TAG. In contrast, distribution patterns of these fatty acids in the fish oil TAG (sn-2>sn-3>sn-1 positions) were not entirely held in the enriched rotifers.  2004,%Elsevier Science B.V. Journal Article4HAFish oils; Marine mammals; Marine fish; Glycerol; Biochemistry; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Brachionus plicatilis; Rotifera TAG; Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Marine Q1 01246 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; Q3 01584 Culture of other aquatic animals; O 1030 Invertebrates; Q1 01584 Culture of other aquatic animalss5849209tngd^Effects of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the toxicity of a mixture of pharmaceuticalsvpAndreozzi, R. Campanella, L. Fraysse, B. Garric, J. Gonnella, A. Giudice, R. L. Marotta, R. Pinto, G. Pollio, A.'Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica-Universita Federico II-Piazzale V Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy. roberto.andreozzi@unina.it~wWater science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2004, 50(5):23-8 0273-1223Animals; Biological Assay; Cyanobacteria: metabolism; Drug Toxicity; Environmental Monitoring; Evaluation Studies; *Oxidants, Photochemical: chemistry; Ozone: chemistry; *Pharmaceutical Preparations: chemistry; Pharmaceutical Preparations: isolation & purification; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Rotifera: metabolism; *Sewage: chemistry; *Water Pollutants, Chemical: analysis; *Water Purification: methods"The possibility of applying main AOP techniques, namely ozonation, H2O2/UV photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis to provide a significant reduction of toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures has been evaluated. For the preparation of the mixture six pharmaceuticals were chosen among those found at highest concentrations in Sewage Treatment Plant effluents, namely carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin and propranolol. The blue-green alga Synechococcus leopoliensis and the rotifer Brachyonus calyciflorus were utilised to assess the toxicity of the mixtures after AOP treatments. All the toxicity tests were performed using chronic standardized bioassays. The best results were obtained with ozonation. With this type of treatment a complete removal of mixture toxicity on S. leopolensis was obtained even after the shortest time of application (1 min). The ozonation treatment leads also to removal of all the pharmaceutical mixture toxicity on B. calyciflorus, by applying the oxidizing agent for at least for 2 minutes.n 2004Journal Article England15497825 E'` KyushuL. LaboratoriesLactobacillus lactis LactococcusLagoon habitat LagoonsLake Lake Brobo Lake Kuc Lake NasserLake RivadaviaLake Somerville Lake Tiberias Lake Towada, energy flow &Lake,Lake, guide to ecotones LakelandLakesLand Land andLand and freshwaterLand and freshwater zones Larva: anatomy & histologyLarva: chemistryLarva: drug effects Larva: growth & developmentLarva: ultrastructure Larvae LarvalLarval development Larval midgut laticeps Latin AmericaLawrence River LecaneLecane (Lecane),'Lecane (Lecane) Nitzsch 1827 (Rotifera) Lecane (Monostyla) (Rotifera),)Lecane (Monostyla) Bartos 1959 (Rotifera)Lecane elegans Lecane hamata Lecane luna$Lecane Nitzsch 1827 (Rotifera)$ Lecane quadridentata (Rotifera ) Lecanidae$Lecophagus antarcticus (fungi) Lentic Lentic water LepadellaLepadella (Rotifera )0,Lepadella Bory de St Vincent 1826 (Rotifera) Lepidium$Lepidium sativum: drug effectsLethal Dose 50 LichensLife Life cycle Life cycle and development Life Cycles Life habit Life historyLife table demography Life tablesLightLight absorption Light effectsLight intensity Likelihood Limiting$!Limnognathia maerski (Gnathifera) Limnology84lineages, review & analysis using genomic signatures Linoleic acidLinolenic acid<8Lipid class & fatty acid composition, diet relationship, LipidsLiterature review$Litopenaeus vannamei (Natantia)4/littoral & pelagic habitats of river floodplain Littoral zone0,littoral zone populations, theoretical model Live feed Live preyloadLocomotion: physiologyLong-term changesLong-term records Lota lotaLotic Lotic water lutein Lycopersicon esculentum: drug(#Lycopersicon esculentum: physiology Macrodasyidamacrophytic plantsMacrothricidae Macrothricidae (Cladocera) Macrotrachela quadricornifera,(Macrotrachela quadricornifera (Rotifera)maculatofasciatusmagna (Cladocera ) Maharashtra MalacostracaMale MallomonasMan-induced effects Mannampandal margin lakes MarineMarine aquacultureMarine crustaceansMarine environment Marine fishMarine habitatMarine invertebratesMarine mammalsMarine microorganismsMarine organismsMarine shore habitat Marine zones(%Markevich & Spiridonov 1990 (Rotifera,'Markevich & Spiridonov 1990 (Rotifera )(#Markevich & Spiridonov 1990, p. 149Marsupenaeus japonicusMass accumulation in deep0-Mass accumulation in deep chlorophyll maximum Mass culture Mastax Mastigophora Masurian("Masurian Lake District, lake beach MathematicalMathematical modelsMathematical techniques Mating Mato Grosso maximumMealsMeans of dispersalMeans of dispersal, mechanisms Megalops Meiobenthos Mesocosms MesocyclopsMesocyclops (Cyclopoida("Mesocyclops Sars 1914 (Cyclopoida) Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides0*Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides (Cyclopoida) MesotrophicMesotrophic lakeMesotrophic lakes MesozoicMesozooplankton40Mesozooplankton accumulation in deep chlorophyll Metabolites Metalimnion MetalsMetals, Heavy: analysis Metamorphosis Methanol methods MicrobialMicrobial diseasesMicrobial foodMicrobiological cultureMicrobiological Studies Microbiology Microcosms0-Microcystis aeruginosa & Scenedesmus obliquus MicrofaunaMicroorganismsMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, Electron$Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Mictic female4.Mictic female phenotype expression, population MigrationMills Mine tailings MiningemperatureXRA numerical simulation for the dynamics of the sexual phase of monogonont rotifera82Angulo, O. Lopez-Marcos, J. C. Lopez-Marcos, M. A.'Departamento de Matematica Aplicada a la Tecnica, Escuela Universitaria Politecnica, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Francisco Mendizabal 1, 47014 Valladolid Spain, [mailto:oscar@mat.uva.es]Comptes rendus Biologies C. R. Biol. 3273293-303 1631-0691A numerical simulation for the dynamics of a model that describes the sexual phase of Monogonont Rotifera reproduction is presented. The simulation is carried out by means of a numerical method based on the integration along the characteristic curves. The numerical experiments cover two basic situations: the existence of an asymptotic stable equilibrium state and the existence of an stable periodic solution. Our results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis made by Calsina and Ripoll (J. Math. Biol. 45 (2002) 22).Original Abstract: Les rotiferes monogontes sont de petits animaux invertebres qui vivent dans les milieux aquatiques. Ces especes de rotiferes comprennent des males et des femelles et leur cycle de reproduction, appele parthenogenese cyclique, qui constitue une combinaison de reproduction sexuelle et asexuelle (deux phases), presente un interet considerable et fournit un modele valable pour l'etude de l'allocation sexuelle. Nous presentons dans cet article une recherche numerique de la solution du modele qui decrit la dynamique de la phase sexuelle des rotiferes monogontes, realisee a l'aide de differentes valeurs des parametres et de conditions initiales distinctes. Nous considerons a la fois les cas des equilibres stable et instable. De plus, dans le cas de l'equilibre instable, nous etudions l'evolution vers le cycle limite (stable). Par ailleurs, nous obtenons la distribution de densite pour l'equilibre stable ainsi que pour differentes etapes du cycle limite. 2004<52004. Physical medium: Printed matter Journal ArticleReproduction; Population dynamics; Mathematical models; Population structure; Modelling Q1 01442 Population dynamics; Q1 01244 Reproduction and development5994739Rotifers in different environments of the Upper Parana River floodplain (Brazil): richness, abundance and the relationship with connectivity$Aoyagui, A. S. Bonecker, C. C.'Nupelia, Postgraduate Course in Ecology of Continental Aquatic Environments, State University of Maringa. Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringa-PR, 87020-900, Brazil Hydrobiologia Hydrobiologia 522 1-3281-290 Jul 0018-8158\VRotifers were collected in the open water of twenty-eight locations (3 rivers, 12 connected lagoons and 13 isolated lagoons) of the upper Parana River floodplain during the high water (February) and low water (August) period of 2001. Greatest species richness was found in rivers during the high water period. Isolated lagoons had the lowest species richness. Abundance was highest in connected lagoons followed by isolated lagoons and then rivers, but did not show marked spatial or temporal variation. Some species dominated in isolated lagoons during high water and others in connected lagoons during the low water. These results were contrary to our expectations; we expected to observe highest species richness and abundance of rotifers in isolated lagoons during both extremes of the hydrological cycle. Our findings suggest the importance of connectivity among environments to rotifer species richness. The absence of an intense flood during 2001 facilitated development of rotifer populations during the high water period due to lack of dilution and high availability of food resources (phytoplankton). 20040*Kluwer Academic Publishers Journal ArticleLEFlood plains; Species richness; Abundance; Lagoons; Food availability; Aquatic organisms; Zooplankton; Population structure; Species diversity; Biomass; Rivers; Habitat; Hydrobiology; Rotifera; Brazil; Brazil, Parana R. Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Freshwater D 04655 Invertebrates - general; Q1 01422 Environmental effects 6023027P The Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Early LjdThe Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Early Life Stages of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striatahbBerlinsky, David L. Taylor, Janalyn C. Howell, Rachel A. Bradley, Terence M. Smith, Theodore I. J.'Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, East Farm, Building 14, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881-1804 USAy.(Journal of the World Aquaculture SocietyJ. World Aquacult. Soc. 353 335-344t 0893-8849t r lAlong the Atlantic coast black sea bass occur from the Gulf of Maine to Florida and support important commercial and recreational fisheries. Interest in commercial production of black sea bass has increased in recent years due to high demand and limited seasonable availability. Efforts towards large-scale production have been hampered by a high incidence of early larval mortality. Two of the most important environmental variables affecting hatchery production of marine finfish larvae are temperature and salinity. In the wild, larval black sea bass are found in waters with temperatures of 12-24 C and salinity levels of 30-35 ppt. Studies were conducted to define the temperature and salinity ranges that support growth and development of black sea bass during early life stages. Three developmental phases were investigated: 1) fertilization to hatch; 2) hatch through yolk sac absorption; and 3) during the initial exogenous feeding stage (5-14 days post hatch; DPH). Fertilized eggs were obtained by manual spawning of fish following administration of LHRH sub(a). Fertilized eggs were transferred to 300-mL glass Petri dishes or 500-mL beakers to assess the effects of salinity and temperature through hatch and yolk sac absorption, respectively. To determine environmental effects on growth and survival during initial exogenous feeding, 400 actively feeding larvae were cultured in green water and fed enriched rotifers for a 9-d period. For investigation of the effect of salinity, sea water (35 ppt) was diluted gradually to 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt and maintained at 21 C. For examination of the effect of temperature, seawater was adjusted from 21 C to 12, 15, 21, 27, or 30 C at a rate of 3 C/h. No eggs hatched at 12 C or when salinity was maintained at 0 or 5 ppt. Hatching was uniformly high (=> 85%) at temperatures between 15 and 27 C and at salinities => 15 ppt. Survival through yolk sac absorption was greatest at temperatures between 18 and 27 C and at salinities => 20 ppt. Survival through first feeding stage was highest at temperatures => 18 C and 30 ppt salinity. Larval growth through first feeding was not significantly affected by salinity level but did increase with rearing temperature. The results indicate that survival and development of black sea bass during early life stages are most favorable at temperatures >18 C with salinity levels approaching full strength seawater. 20042004. Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] Journal ArticleMarine aquaculture; Fish culture; Temperature effects; Salinity effects; Biological fertilization; Hatching; Embryonic development; Fish eggs; Larval development; Fish larvae; Ontogeny; Rearing; Food organisms; Centropristis striata; Rotifera Actively feeding larvae; Green water culture; Controlled conditions; Black sea bass; Live feed; Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Q3 01582 Fish culture; Q1 01582 Fish culture; O 5060 Aquaculture6048571 R; Hebert, P. D. N.Hebert, Paul D. N. Hein, T. Hein, ThomasHelmsing, N. R.Herlyn, HolgerHernandez-Aviles, J. S.Hernandez-Ceballos, D.Hessen, Dag O. Hillis, D. M. Hino, A.Hitchcock, D. R. Hjelm, M. Holarek, C.Holarek, Claudia Hooftman, R.Hooge, Matthew Hoogveld, H. Horne, D. J.Horne, David J. Hoste, B. Hotos, G. N.Howell, Rachel A. Hu, H. Y. Hu, Haoyuan Huang, J. Huang, X.Huang, Xiang-Fei Hunt, R. J. Iesce, M. R.Ignoffo, T. R. Irwin, S. Ishikawa, Y. Isidori, M.Ivanova, M. B.Izaguirre, IrinaJaremo, Johannes Jeje, C. Y.Jenkins, Philip T. Jensen, S. Jensen, T. C. Jeppesen, E.Jersabek, C. D.Jersabek, Christian D.Jiang, GuizhenJoaquim-Justo, C.Joensson, K. I. Johnsen, GeirJohnson, M. T. J. Jones, L. E.Jonsson, K. Ingemar Judson, O. P.Judson, Olivia P.Kaartokallio, H.Kalinowska, K. Kallaste, K. Kamjunke, N. Kaneko, G. Kanosina, I.Katano, NoboruKatholm, A. K.Kawabata, Keiichi Kazanci, N. Keckeis, S.Keckeis, SusanneKedrova, O. S.Kelaher, B. P. Kemp, S. J. Kerner, M. Khan, R. A.Khoruzhaya, T. A. King, J. M. Kinoshita, M. Kinoshita, S. Kiontke, K.Kneitel, J. M. Kobayashi, S. Koffi, M. A.Koffi, Maryse Aka Kogane, T.Kogane, Takayuki Kohout, L. Koiso, M. Kolkovski, S. Kopacek, J.Korokhov, N. P. Kostecka, M. Kotani, T. Kotethip, W.Kotikova, E. A. Kotta, I. Kotta, J. Koukal, B. Kozak, A.Kristensen, R. M. Krylov, A. V.Kuang, TingyunKuczynska-Kippen, N. Kumar, RamKurbatova, S. A.Kutikova, L. A. Kuwada, H. Kvitko, B. H. Kwak, Inn-Sil Lam-Hoai, T.Landkildehus, F. Langdon, C.Lansac-Toha, F. A. Lapesa, S. Lapinski, J. Lass, Sandra Lavorgna, M.Laybourn-Parry, J.Laybourn-Parry, Johanna Lee, Wonchoel Legrand, C.Legrand, Catherine Lehman, J. T. Lehmann, L. Lehtinen, S.Levinton, J. S. Li, Qing-fen Li, Y. Li, Z. J. Liang, X. M. Lien, T. P. Lin, Wei Linhart, J.Linhartova, S. Litt, A. H. Liu, G. Y. Liu, Gui-Yun Liu, X. Y. Loez, C. R.Logsdon, J. M.Loizeau, J. L.Lopez-Cabanilles, D.Lopez-Flores, R.Lopez-Marcos, J. C.Lopez-Marcos, M. A. Lowe, C. D. Ludwig, G. M.Luerling, Miquel Lurling, M.Lyngdoh, R. M. Ma, Rui Mabury, S. A.Mabury, Scott A.MacIsaac, H. J.MacIsaac, Hugh J. Maeda, M.Makino, Wataru Makridis, P. Malik, S. B.Malinsky-Rushansky, N. Z. Maneiro, I.Mangas-Ramirez, E.Manylov, O. G.Marinone, M. CristinaMariottini, G. L.Mark Welch, D. B.Mark Welch, J. L. Marotta, R. Marques, J. Marsalek, B.Marshall, W. A.  tmAmino acid pools of rotifers and Artemia under different conditions: nutritional implications for fish larvae,81Aragao, C. Conceicao, L. E. Dinis, M. T. Fyhn, H.s'leCCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117 Faro, Portugal, [mailto:caragao@ualg.pt] Aquaculture Aquaculture 234 1-4429-445 3 Mayn 0044-8486l The rearing of most marine fish species still relies on live food. Amino acids (AA) are the building blocks for protein synthesis, are important energy substrates, and are involved in specific physiological functions. Thus, the AA pools (free and protein-bound) of the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and of Artemia parthenogenetica metanauplii were analysed, after enrichment with different diets or at different salinities. The changes in these pools were related to their impact when used as feed for the developing fish larvae. Rotifers and Artemia were enriched for 24 h in microalgae, in commercial diets, or starved for the same time period. The enrichment at different salinities was also tested using Artemia. The free AA (FAA) quantity and quality was strongly affected by the enrichment used, in both rotifers and Artemia metanauplii. The relative FAA content was significantly higher in rotifers and Artemia enriched with microalgae than in the ones enriched with commercial products, and between the different microalgae tested, the enrichment in T. chui resulted in the highest FAA content for both preys. Differences regarding the FAA quantity and quality were also found between rotifers and Artemia. With the exception of the starved preys, a higher relative FAA content was found in rotifers than in Artemia metanauplii and while the FAA pool of the rotifers was dominated by alanine, taurine was the dominant AA in the FAA pool of Artemia. Salinity had only a small effect on the FAA pool of Artemia. Concerning the protein fraction, starvation increased the relative protein content in the rotifers. Among the metanauplii, the relative protein content was affected neither by the enrichment nor by salinity, except for a significantly lower content found when the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana was used. The quality of the protein pool is affected by the different enrichments, but not by salinity. However, the changes in the protein-bound AA pool were less pronounced than for the FAA pool and reflect differences in the protein content and/or quality of the diet. This study showed that the AA composition of cultured zooplankton is affected by feeding regime and by salinity. The choice of the best zooplankton enrichment and/or mixture of enrichments for the different fish larval stages, should take into account the AA composition, in order to fulfil the energetic and nutritional requirements of the larvae. 2004$Elsevier B.V. Journal Articleb\Rearing; Food organisms; Fish larvae; Animal nutrition; Nutritive value; Proteins; Diets; Amino acids; Salinity effects; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Brine shrimp culture; Rotifera; Brachionus rotundiformis; Tetraselmis chui; Artemia parthenogenetica Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Q1 01581 General; Q3 01581 Aquaculture: General; O 5060 Aquaculture5945560Estimated amino acid requirements during early ontogeny in fish with different life styles: gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)B;Aragao, C. Conceicao, L. E. C. Fyhn, H. J. Teresa Dinis, M.0'leCCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal, [mailto:caragao@ualg.pt] Aquacultureb Aquaculture  242s 1-4r589-605  20 Dec 0044-8486 &Little is known about the amino acid (AA) requirements of larval fish and their possible ontogenetic changes. This paper aims to contribute to the study of these requirements in two common cultured species in Southern Europe: gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Moreover, it is intended to identify possible dietary AA imbalances occurring in normal hatchery conditions for both species. Fish larvae were reared following standard procedures and the normal feeding schemes used in hatcheries, which includes the use of live prey for several weeks. The experiments were finished once the fish were adapted to a dry feed. Samples were collected at different points for dry weight, total protein, and AA analysis. The A/E ratios [each indispensable AA content x(total indispensable AA content including cysteine and tyrosine) super(-) super(1)x1000] of fish and food were compared to identify possible dietary AA imbalances. The AA profile of both fish species changed during ontogeny, but was more stable during seabream than Senegalese sole development. This is probably linked to the marked metamorphosis observed in sole. These changes in fish larval AA profile suggest that the AA requirements change during seabream and Senegalese sole ontogenesis. Several dietary AA deficiencies were found during the ontogenetic development of both species. These deficiencies result from ontogenetic changes in the fish AA profile, but also from differences in the AA composition of the different food items. These results suggest that both the live food (rotifers and Artemia at different developmental stages) and the dry feed used in the rearing of gilthead seabream and Senegalese sole does not have an AA profile that entirely meets the requirements for the early stages of these species.n 2004Journal ArticletMarine fish; Rearing; Nutritional requirements; Diets; Feeding experiments; Feed composition; Fish larvae; Ontogeny; Developmental stages; Larval development; Amino acids; Food organisms; Life cycle; Dietary deficiencies; Cysteine; Tyrosine; Metamorphosis; Animal nutrition; Solea senegalensis; Sparus aurata; Rotifera; Artemia; Europe Rotifers; Wheel animalcules Q1 01582 Fish culture; Q3 01582 Fish culture; O 5060 Aquaculturep6163831sD=Retroelements containing introns in diverse invertebrate taxaB://000185998700016Guo, L. G. Li, Z. J.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus from fish cage-culture on the communities of a shallow lake in middle Yangtze River basin of China  Aquaculturez < 5In recent decades, net-cage aquaculture has become one of the main patterns of the intensive fish-culture in the lakes, reservoirs and even rivers in China. This aquaculture pattern results in enriching exogenous nutrients in water and, consequently, accelerates the process of lake eutrophication. To ensure that normal environmental conditions and fisheries in a lake remain sustainable, qualitative estimations of nutrients in relation to ecosystem changes are essential. A study, mainly on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) influences due to cage fish-culture was carried out in a shallow 35.5 ha bay in Niushanhu Lake, a shallow lake located in middle Yangtze Basin, during the period from March to December 2000. Net-cages in total covered an area of 1000 m(2) and the annual fish yield was 16.0 metric tons (MT). Fish feeding residue entering the water during the period was equivalent to 1532.9 kg of total N and 339.2 kg of total P. Sampling and analyses of the total N and total P concentrations, diversity and biomass of plankton and Chi a were made monthly, while data on zoobenthos were collected twice, respectively, at the beginning and the end of the study. Results showed that the Chi a content in water was correlated negatively to distance from the cage. The Chi a content that is converted into wet biomass of phytoplankton may be expressed by the regression: B = 2.673 - 0.0016D (B, biomass in mg/l; D, distance in km, r=0.9362; n=7). The biomass of rotifers inside or near the cages was higher than that in areas more distant, while that of the cladocerans was the opposite. No significant difference of copepod density or biomass was detected between cages and open water. Changes of zoobenthic community were remarkable. At the beginning of fish farming, there were nine zoobenthic taxa inside and 13 outside the cages. Only two saprophilous taxa, chiefly oligochaetes, were present in the cages at the end of the culture. Density and biomass of benthic animals decreased as well. Several bioindices, such as Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Margelef index, also exhibited a declining tendency. Through this study, the authors are of the opinion that mass-input of exogenous nutrients may cause negative effects on water quality in areas from the cage to a distance of 50 m outwards. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2003 Oct 31 226 1-4ISI:000185998700016194-201$://000228285800010o*$Halkett, F. Simon, J. C. Balloux, F.PITackling the population genetics of clonal and partially clonal organisms $Trends in Ecology & Evolutions|uMany clonal organisms experience occasional events of sexual recombination, with profound consequences for their population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. With the recent development of polymorphic genetic markers and new statistical methods, we now have an unprecedented ability to detect recombination in organisms that are thought to reproduce strictly, or essentially asexually. However, it is not always obvious which methodology to apply. Consequently, biologists might decide how to analyse their data without clear guidelines. Here, we discuss the available methods, focusing on those best suited when working with limited genetic information, such as a few genetic markers or DNA sequences. We conclude by commenting on the prospects offered by some recent conceptual advances and the access to high throughput technologies in an increasing number of model organisms.f Apr 2005204ISI:0002282858000100 Vertical distribution 7-12$://000186041800002..(Chittapun, S. Pholpunthin, P. Segers, H.Contribution to the knowledge of Thai microfauna diversity: notes on rare peat swamp Rotifera, with the description of a new Lecane Nitzsch, 1872o HydrobiologianDuring an ongoing study of the rotifer diversity in Thai peat swamps, several new or rare species were found. We here report on one new species, Lecane kunthuleensis n. sp., from a canal in Kun Thu Lee peat swamp, and on three rare species: Paracolurella aemula ( Myers, 1934) and Lecane junki Koste, 1975 from Kra Jood peat swamp ( Suratthanee province), and Lepadella punctataWulfert, 1939 from To- Daeng peat swamp ( Narathiwas province).  2003 Jull 501a 1-3dISI:000186041800002,177-183$://0001838002000022+Christner, B. C. Kvitko, B. H. Reeve, J. N..^XMolecular identification of Bacteria and Eukarya inhabiting an Antarct