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Faculty
Mitchell Sogin
Joshua Hamilton
Julie Huber
David Mark Welch
David Patterson
Anton Post
Jennifer Wernegreen
Research Faculty
Mark Alliegro
Linda Amaral Zettler
Irina Arkhipova
Susan Huse
Jessica Mark Welch
Hilary Morrison
William Reznikoff
Margrethe (Gretta) Serres
Adjunct Faculty
Marlene Belfort
Seth Bordenstein
Robert Campbell
Matthew Meselson
Robert Prendergast
MBL/Brown Faculty
David Rand
Gary Wessel
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Mitchell L. Sogin
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Current projects:
 
Genomics of Terrestrial Microbial Communities Associated with the Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases
Funded by NSF (Collaboration with Tom Schmidt of Michigan State University) 2007-2009
Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health/b>
Funded by NSF/NIH 2004-2009
International Census of Marine Microbes (ICoMM)
Funded by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 2004-2010
Visualization & Analysis of Microbial Population Structures
Funded by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 2007-2008
Microbial community profiling of sewage contamination in the Great Lakes
Funded by NIH (Collaboration with Sandra McLellan  - Water Institute) 2008-2011.
The Rare Biosphere and the Human Habitat
Funded by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 2008-2010
Microbial Observatory Examining Microbial Abundance, Diversity, Association and Activity AT Seafloor Brine Seeps
Funded by NSF (Collaboration with Samanth Joye – University of Georgia) 2009-2010

Education:
1963-1967 Bachelor of Science, Chemistry and microbiology University of Illinois, Urbana.
1967-1969 Master of Science, Industrial microbiology University of Illinois, Urbana, under Z. John Ordal.
1969-1972 Ph.D., Microbiology and Molecular Biology. University of Illinois, Urbana, under Carl R. Woese, Ph.D.in Microbiology and Molecular Biology.
Research Activities: Ribosomal RNA processing in prokaryotes, Molecular evolution of ribosomal RNAs, Characterization of ribosomal protein/RNA interactions.
1972-1976

NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship

National Jewish Center, Denver, Colorado, with Norman R. Pace.
Research Activities: Role of 7S RNA in oncornaviruses and in eukaryotic cells, and the characterization of in vitro rRNA processing systems in Bacillus subtilis.
Academic appointments:
1976-1989 Senior staff scientist Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Jewish Center, Denver, Colorado.
Research Activities: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs
1980-1986 Assistant professor Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Research Activities: Development biology of Dictyostelium discoideum, Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs
1986-1999 Associate Fellow Canadian Institute for Advanced Research,
1987-1989 Associate Professor Department of Microbiology Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.
Activities: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs.
1989-present Senior Scientist Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA.
1997-1998 Visiting Miller Research Professor University of California at Berkeley
1997-present Director Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole.
Research Activities: Molecular Phylogeny of Protists, Marine Microbial diversity, Life in Extreme Environments, and Genome Evolution in Parasites.
2004-present Professor (MBL) Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Professional memberships:
American Society for Microbiology
Society of Protozoologists
International Society of Evolutionary Protozoologists
Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Society for Cell Biology
American Academy of Microbiology
Distinctions and awards:
1992 Division Lecturer - American Society for Microbiologists.
1993 Stoll Stunkard Award - American Society of Parasitologists.
1995 Elected Chairperson - Division R, American Society of Microbiologists.
1996 Elected - Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.
1998

Elected - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

1998 Elected - Fellow of the American Association for the Advancment of Science.
2007 American Society for Microbiology – Roger Porter Award.
Other activities:
1988-1999 Founding Director of the Workshop in Molecular Evolution at Woods Hole.
1989 National Science Foundation Minority Post Doctoral Fellowship Program.
1994-1996 National Science Foundation/Sloan Foundation Molecular Evolution Post-Doctoral Program.
1994-2002 Science Advisory Council: Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole.
1993-1996 Editorial Board: Molecular Biology and Evolution.
1999-2004 National Research Council- Space Studies Board.
2006 National Science Foundation/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Panel.
Current Editorial Board: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology: (Journal of Protozoology).
Current Editorial Board: Protist (Formerly Archiv fur Protistenkunde).
Current Editorial Board: Environmental Microbiology.
Current Editorial Board: Astrobiology.
Publications:

1. Sogin, M.L., B. Pace, N.R. Pace and C.R. Woese. The Primary Structural Relationship of p16 to m16 Ribosomal RNA. Nature New Biology 232:48-49 (1971).

2. Schaup, H., M.L. Sogin, C.R. Woese and C.G. Kurland. Characterization of an RNA "Binding Site" for a Specific Ribosomal Protein of Escherichia coli. Molec. Gen. Genetics 114:1-8 (1971).

3. Sogin, M.L., W.A. McCall and Z.J. Ordal. Effect of heat activation conditions on the germinal response of Bacillus cereus-T spores. In: "Spores V", p 363, American Society for Microbiologists (1972).

4. Sogin, S.J., M.L. Sogin and C.R. Woese. Phylogenetic Measurement in Procaryotes by Primary Structural Characterization. J. Molec. Evoution 1:173-184 (1972).

5. Sogin, M.L., K.J. Pechman, L. Zablen, B.J. Lewis and C.R. Woese. Observations on the Post-Transcriptionally Modified Nucleotides in the 16S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid. J. Bacteriol. 112:13-16 (1972).

6. Sogin, M.L. Relationships among precursor and Mature Ribosomal RNAs. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois (1972).

7. Schaup, H.W., M.L. Sogin, C.G. Kurland and C.R. Woese. Localization of a Binding Site for Ribosomal Protein S8 Within the 16S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 115:82 (1973).

8. Sogin, M.L., C.R. Woese, B. Pace and N.R. Pace. The Relationship between Precursor and Mature Forms of the 23S Ribosomal RNA. J. Mol. Evol. 2:167-174 (1973).

9. Dobson, P.R., W.F. Doolittle and M.L. Sogin. Precursor of 5S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid in the Blue-Green Alga Anacystis nidulans. J. Bacteriol. 117:660-666 (1974).

10. Woese, C.R., M.L. Sogin and L. Sutton. Procaryote Phylogeny I: Concerning the Relatedness of Aerobacter aerogenes to Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Evol. 3:293-299 (1974).

11. Pribula, C.D., G.E. Fox, C.R. Woese, M.L. Sogin and N.R. Pace. Nucleotide Sequence of Bacillus megaterium 5S RNA. FEBS Letters 44:322-323 (1974).

12. Sogin, M.L. and N.R. Pace. In vitro maturation of precursors of 5S ribosomal RNA from Bacillus subtilis. Nature 252:598-600 (1974).

13. Pace, N.R. and M.L. Sogin. In Vitro Maturation of Precursors of 5S Ribosomal RNA From Bacillus subtilis. in "Brookhaven Symposium in Biology" 26:224-239 (1974).

14. Doolittle, W.F, C.R. Woese, M.L. Sogin, L. Bonen and D. Stahl. Sequence studies on 16S Ribosomal RNA from a Blue-Green Alga. J. Mol. Evol. 4:307-315 (1975).

15. Woese, C.R., M.L. Sogin, D. Stahl, B.J. Lewis and L. Bonen. A comparison of the 16S ribosomal RNA from mesophilic and thermophilic Bacilli: some modifications in the Sanger Method for RNA sequencing. J. Mol. Evol. 7:97 (1976).

16. Marotta, C., S.M. Weissman, M.L. Sogin and N.R. Pace. The primary structure of Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis 5S RNAs. J. Biol. Chem. 251:3122 (1976).

17. Sogin, M.L., N.R. Pace, M. Rosenberg and S.M. Weissman. Nucleotide sequence of a 5S ribosomal RNA precursor from Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chemistry 251:3480 (1976).

18. Sogin, M.L., B. Pace and N.R. Pace. Partial purification and properties of a ribosomal RNA maturation nuclease from Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chemistry 252:1350 (1977).

19. Schroeder, E., J. McKibbin, M.L. Sogin and N.R. Pace. The mode of degradation of precursor-specific RNA fragments by Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 130:1000 (1977).

20. Pace, N.R., B. Meyhack, B. Pace and M.L. Sogin. The Interaction of RNase M5 with a 5S rRNA Precursor. In: "tRNA: Biological Aspects", eds. Abelson, J., P. Schimmel and D. Soll. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York) (1980).

21. Sogin, M.L. and G.J. Olsen. Identification and mapping of a 60 bp EcoRI fragment in the Dictyostelium discoideum ribosomal DNA. Gene 8:231 (1980).

22. Peffley, D.M. and M.L. Sogin. A Putative tRNATrp Gene Cloned from Dictyostelium discoideum: Its Nucleotide Sequence and Association with Repetitive Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Biochemistry 20:4015-4021 (1981).

23. Olsen, G.J. and M.L. Sogin. Nucleotide Sequence of Dictyostelium discoideum 5.8S Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid: Evolutionary and Secondary Structural Implications. Biochemistry 21:2335-2343 (1982).

24. Pace, N.R., K. Gardiner, B. Meyhack, B. Pace, M.L. Sogin and D.A. Stahl. RNA Processing in Bacillus subtilis. In: "Microbiology, 1982", ed. Schlessinger, D., p. 32 (1983).

25. McCarroll, R., G.J. Olsen, Y.D. Stahl, C.R. Woese and M.L. Sogin. Nucleotide Sequence of the Dictyostelium discoideum Small-Subunit Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Inferred from the Gene Sequence: Evolutionary Implications. Biochemistry 22:5858-5868 (1983).

26. Olsen, G.J., R. McCarroll and M.L. Sogin. Secondary Structure of the Dictyostelium discoideum small subunit ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:8037-8049 (1983).

27. Elwood, H.J., G.J. Olsen and M.L. Sogin. The Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences from the Hypotrichous Ciliates Oxytricha nova and Stylonychia pustulata. Mol. Biol. and Evol. 2:399-410 (1985).

28. Lane, D.J., B. Pace, G.J. Olsen, D.A. Stahl, M.L. Sogin and N.R. Pace. Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analyses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6955-6959 (1985).

29. Sogin, M.L., H.J. Elwood and J.H. Gunderson. Evolutionary diversity of eukaryotic small subunit rRNA genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1383-1387 (1986).

30. Sogin, M.L., M.T. Swanton, J.H. Gunderson and H.J. Elwood. Sequence of the Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene from the Hypotrichous Ciliate Euplotes aediculatus. J. Protoozool. 33:26-29 (1986).

31. Sogin, M.L. and H.J. Elwood. Primary Structure of the Paramecium tetraurelia Small-Subunit rRNA Coding Region: Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Ciliophora. J. Mol. Evol. 23:53-60 (1986).

32. Dingerman, T., W. Bertling, T. Brechner, K. Nerke, D.M. Peffley and M.L. Sogin. Structure of two tRNA genes from Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucl. Acids Res. 14:1127 (1986).

33. Gunderson, J.H. and M.L. Sogin. Length variation in eukaryotic rRNAs: small subunit rRNAs from the protists Acanthamoeba castellanii and Euglena gracilis. Gene 44:63-70 (1986).

34. Gunderson, J.H., T.F. McCutchan and M.L. Sogin. Sequence of the Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Expressed in the Bloodstream Stages of Plasmodium berghei: Evolutionary Implications. J. Protozool. 33:525-529 (1986).

35. Sogin, M.L., A. Ingold, M. Karlok, H. Nielsen and J. Engberg. Phylogenetic evidence for the acquisition of ribosomal RNA introns subsequent to the divergence of some of the major Tetrahymena groups. EMBO J. 5:3625-3630 (1986).

36. Sogin, M.L., K. Miotto and L. Miller. Primary structure of the Neurospora crassa small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:9540 (1986).

37. Sogin, M.L., and J.H. Gunderson. Structural diversity of Eukaryotic Small Subunit Ribosomal RNAs: Evolutionary Implications. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 503:125-139 (1987).

38. Lau, P.P., B. Degrunner-Vossbrinck, B. Dunn, K. Miotto, M.T. MacDonell, D.M. Rollins, C.J. Pillidge, R.B. Hespell, R.R. Colwell, M.L. Sogin, and G.E. Fox. Phylogenetic Diversity and Position of the Genus Campylobacter. System Appl. Microbiol. 9:231-238 (1987).

39. Gunderson, J.H., H.J. Elwood, A. Ingold, K. Kindle and M.L. Sogin. Phylogenetic relationships between chlorophytes, chrysophytes and oomycetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:5823-5827 (1987).

40. Gunderson, J.H., M.L. Sogin, G. Wollett, M. Hollingdale, V.F. De La Cruz, A.P. Waters, and T.F. McCutchan. Structurally Distinct, Stage Specific Ribosomes Occur in Plasmodium. Science 238:933-937 (1987).

41. McCutchan, T.F., V.F. de la Cruz, A.A. Lal, J.H. Gunderson, H.J. Elwood and M.L. Sogin. Primary sequences of two small subunit ribosomal RNA genes from Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. and Biochem. Parasito. 28:63-68 (1988).

42. Lynn, D.H. and M.L. Sogin. Assessment of phylogenetic relationships among ciliated protists using partial ribosomal RNA sequences derived from reverse transcripts. BioSystems 21:249-254 (1988).

43. Edman, J.C., J.A. Kovacs, H. Masur, D.V. Santi, H.J. Elwood, and M.L. Sogin. Ribosomal RNA sequence shows Pneumocystis carinii to be a member of the Fungi. Nature 334:519-522 (1988).

44. Looker, D., L.A. Miller, H.J. Elwood, S. Stickel and M.L. Sogin. Primary structure of the Leishmania donovani small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:7198 (1988)

45. Medlin, L., H.J. Elwood, S. Stickel and M.L. Sogin. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA coding regions. Gene 71:491-499 (1988).

46. Sogin, M.L., J.H. Gunderson, H.J. Elwood, R.A. Alonso and D.A. Peattie. Phylogenetic Meaning of the Kingdom Concept: An Unusual Ribosomal RNA from Giardia lamblia. Science 243:75-77 (1989).

47. Cummings, D.J., J. Domenico, J. Nelson and M.L. Sogin. DNA Sequence, Structure and Phylogenetic Relationship of the Small Subunit rRNA coding Region of Mitochondrial DNA from Podospora anserina. J. Mol. Evol. 28:232-241 (1989).

48. Edman, J.C., J.A. Kovacs, H. Masur, D.V. Santi, H.J. Elwood and M.L. Sogin. Ribosomal RNA Genes of Pneumocystis carinii. J. Protozool. 36:18S-20S (1989).

49. Huss, V.A.R. and M.L. Sogin. Primary structure of the Chlorella vulgaris small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1255 (1989).

50. Sogin, M.L., U. Edman and H.J. Elwood. A single kingdom of eukaryotes in: "The Hierarchy of Life". Molecules and Morphology in Phylogenetic Analysis, p. 133, Eds. B. Fernholm, K. Bremer, H. Jornvall. Elsevier Press. (1989) .

51. Sogin, M.L. Evolution of Eukaryotic Microorganisms and their Small Subunit Ribosomal RNAs. Amer. Zool. 29:487-499 (1989).

52. Sogin, M.L. and J.C. Edman. A self-splicing intron in the small subunit rRNA gene of Pneumocystis carinii. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:5349-5359 (1989).

53. Sogin, M.L. Evolution of Eukaryotic Ribosomal RNA Genes in: "McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology", p. 260-262, Ed. Sybil Parker, McGraw-Hill, New York (1989).

54. Sogin, M.L. Amplification of Ribosomal RNA Genes for Molecular Evolution Studies in: "PCR-Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications", p. 307. Academic Press, Inc. (1990).

55. Bhattacharya, D., H.J. Elwood, L.J., Goff and M.L. Sogin. The Phylogeny of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) Based on Sequence Analysis of its Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Coding Region. J. Phycol. 26:181-186 (1990).

56. Forster, H., H.J. Elwood, M.D. Coffey and M.L. Sogin. Sequence Analysis of the Small Subunit Ribosomal RNAs of Three Zoosporic Fungi And Implications For Fungal Evolution. Mycologia 82:306-312 (1990).

57. Huss, V.A.R., and M.L. Sogin. Phylogenetic Position of Some Chlorella Species within the Chlorococcales based upon Complete Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 31:432-442 (1990).

58. Wit, D.D., L. Steyn, S. Shoemaker and M.L. Sogin. Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Clinical Specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2437-2441 (1990).

59. Schlegel, M., H.J. Elwood and M.L. Sogin. Molecular Evolution in Hypotrichous Ciliates: Sequence of the Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Genes from Onychodromus quadricornutus and Oxytricha granulifera. J. Mol. Evol. 32:64-69 (1991).

60. Greenwood, S.J., M. Schlegel, M.L. Sogin and D.H. Lynn. Phylogenetic Relationships of Blepharisma americanum and Colpoda inflata Within the Phylum Ciliophora Inferred from Complete Small Subnit rRNA Gene Sequences. J. Protoozool. 38:1-6 (1991).

61. Barns, S.M., D.J. Lane, M.L. Sogin, C. Bibeau and W.G. Weisburg. Evolutionary Relationships among Pathogenic Candida Species and Relatives. J. Bact. 173:2250-2255 (1991).

62. Sogin, M.L. The Phylogenetic Significance of Sequence Diversity and Length Variations in Eukaryotic Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Coding Regions in: "New Perspectives on Evolution", Plenum Press, p. 175-188, Wiley-Liss, Inc. (1991) .

63. Gajadhar, A.A., W.C. Marquardt, R. Hall, J. Gunderson, E.V.A. Carmona and M.L. Sogin. Ribosomal RNA sequences of Sarcocystis muris, Theileria annulata, and Crypthecodinium cohnii reveal evolutionary relationships among apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, and ciliates. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 45:147-154 (1991).

64. Illingworth, C.A., J.H. Andrews, C. Bibeau and M.L. Sogin. Phylogenetic Placement of Athelia bombacina, Aureobasidium pullulans and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Inferred from Sequence Comparisons of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNAs. Experimental Mycology 15:65-75 (1991).

65. Ariztia, E.V., R.A. Andersen and M.L. Sogin. A New Phylogeny for Chromophyte Algae Using 16S-like RRNA Sequences from Mallomonas papillosa (Synurophyceae) and Tribonema aequale (Xanthophyceae). J. Phycol 27:428-436 (1991).

66. Greenwood, S.J., M.L. Sogin and D.H. Lynn. Phylogenetic Relationships within the Class Oligohymenophorea, Phylum Ciliophora Inferred from the Complete Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences of Colpidium campylum, Glaucoma Chattoni and Opisthonecta henneguyi. J. Mol. Evol. 33:163-174 (1991).

67. Davila-Aponte, JA., VAR. Huss, M.L. Sogin and T.R. Cech. A self-splicing group I intron in the nuclear pre-rRNA of the green alga, Ankistrodesmus stipitatus. Nucl. Acids. Res. 19:4429-4436 (1991).

68. Medlin, L.K., H.J. Elwood, S. Stickel and M.L. Sogin. Morphological and Genetic Variation within the Diatom Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyta): Evidence for a New Species, Skeletonema pseudocostatum. J. Phycol. 27: 514-524 (1991).

69. Bhattacharya, D., S.K. Stickel and M.L. Sogin. Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Actin Genic Regions from Achlya bisexualis (Oomycota) and Costaria costata (Chromophyta). J. Mol. Evol. 33:4275-4286 (1991).

70. Sogin, M.L. Early Evolution and the Origin of Eukaryotes. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 1: 457-463 (1991).

71. Bhattacharya, D., Medlin, L., Wainright, P.O., Ariztia, E.V., Bibeau C., Stickel, S.K. and Sogin, M.L. Algae Containing Chlorophyll a+c are Paraphyletic: Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of the Chromophyta. Evolution 46:1801-1817 (1992).

72. Patterson, D.J. and Sogin, M.L. Eukaryote origins and protistan diversity in "The Origin and Evolution of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells". Ed. H. Hartman and K. Matsuno. World Scientific Pub. Co. NJ, p. 13-46 (1992).

73. Bruns, T.D., Vilgalys, R., Barns, S.M., Gonzalez, D., Hibbett, D.S., Lane, D.J., Simon, L., Stickel, S., Szaro, T.M., Weisburg, W.G. and Sogin, M.L. Evolutionary relationships within the Fungi: analyses of nuclear small subunit rRNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1:231-241 (1992).

74. Wainright, P.O., Hinkle, G., Sogin, M.L. and Stickel, S.K. The Monophyletic Origins of the Metazoa; An unexpected evolutionary link with Fungi. Science 260:340-243 (1993).

75. Bhattacharya, D., Stickel, S. and Sogin M.L. Isolation and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Actin Coding Regions from Emiliania huxleyi, a Prymnesiophyte Alga, using Reverse Transcriptase and PCR Methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:689-703 (1993).

76. Leipe, D.D., Gunderson, J.H., Nerad, T.A., and Sogin, M.L. Small subunit Ribosomal RNA of Hexamita inflata and the quest for the first branch in the eukaryotic tree. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 59:41-48 (1993).

77. Sogin, M.L. Molecular Biology and Protoctist Phylogeny. in "Illustrated Glossary of Protoctista". Ed. L. Margulis, H. McKhann and L. Olendzenski, p. xlv-xlvii, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston (1993).

78. Sogin, M.L. Microbiology - Giants Among the Prokaryotes. Nature 362:207 (1993).

79. Sogin, M.L., Hinkle, G. and Leipe, D.D. Universal Tree of Life. Nature 362:795 (1993).

80. Edman, J.C., and Sogin, M.L. Molecular Phylogeny of Pneumocystis carinii in: "Pneumocystis carinii". Ed. P.D. Walzer. Marcel Dekker. (1993).

81. Scholin, C.A., D. M. Anderson and M.L. Sogin. The Existence of Two Distinct Small-Subunit rRNA Genes in the North American Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae). J. Phycology 29:209-216 (1993)

82. Hinkle, G. and M.L. Sogin. The Evolution of the Vahlkampfiidae as Deduced from 16S-like Ribosomal RNA Analysis. J. Eukaryotic Micro. 40:599-603 (1993).

83. Gagnon, S., R. C. Levesque, M. L. Sogin, and A. A. Gajadhar. Molecular Cloning, Complete Sequence of the Small subunit Ribosomal RNA Coding Region and Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 60:145-148 (1993).

84. Fong, D., Rodriguez, K.K., Sun, J., Sogin, M.L., Bushek, D., Littlewood, D.T.J. and Ford, S.E. Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence of the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 2:346-350 (1993).

85. Sogin, M.L. The Origin of Eukaryotes and Evolution into Major Kingdoms in: "Early Life on Earth. Nobel Symposium No. 84". Ed. S. Bengtson, p.181-192, Columbia U.P., New York (1994).

86. Hinkle, G., Leipe, D.D., Nerad, T.A., and Sogin, M.L. The Unusually Long Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA of Phreatamoeba balamuthi. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:465-469. (1994).

87. Leipe, D.D., Bernhard, D., Schlegel, M. and Sogin, M.L. Evolution of 16S-like ribosomal RNA genes in the ciliophoran taxa Litostomatea and Phyllopharyngea. European Journal of Protistology 30:354-361 (1994).

88. Leipe, D.D., Wainright, P.O., Gunderson, J.H., Porter, D., Patterson, D.J.,Valois, F., Himmerich, S. and Sogin, M.L. The stramenopiles from a molecular perspective: 16S-like rRNA sequences from Labyrinthuloides minuta and Cafeteria roenbergensis. Phycologia. 33:369-377. (1994).

89. Gunderson, J.H., Goss, S.J. and Sogin, M.L. The Sequence of the Hartmanella vermiformis Small Subunit rRNA Coding Region. J. Euk. Microbiol. 41:481-482. (1994).

90. Wainright, P.O., Patterson, D.J., and Sogin, M.L. Monophyletic Origin of Animals: A Shared Ancestry with the Fungi. in "Molecular Evolution of Physiological Processes". 47th Symposium Society of General Physiologists. ed. D.M. Fambrough. The Rockefeller University Press. 39-54. (1994).

91. Bennett, M.V.L., Zheng, X., and Sogin, M.L. The Connexins and Their Family Tree. in "Molecular Evolution of Physiological Processes". 47th Symposium Society of General Physiologists. ed. D.M. Fambrough. The Rockefeller University Press. 223-233 (1994).

92. Hinkle, G., Wetterer, J.K., Schultz, T. and Sogin, M.L. Phylogeny of the Attine Ant Fungi Based on Analysis of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences. Science266:1695-1697 (1994).

93. Scholin, C.A., M. Herzog, M.L. Sogin and D.M. Anderson. Identification of group and strain-specific genetic markers for globally distributed Alexandrium (Dinophyceae). II. Sequence analysis of a fragement of the LSU rRNA gene. J. Phycology 30:999-1011. (1994).

94. Morrison, H.G., Oleksiak, M.F., Sogin, M.L. and Stegeman, J.J. Identification of Cytochrome P450 1A Genes from two Teleost fish, Toadfish (Opsanus tau) and Scup (Stenotomus chrysops), and Phylogenetic Analysis of CYP1A Genes. Biochem. J. 308:97-104 (1995).

95. Bernhard, D., Leipe, D. Sogin, M.L. and Schlegel, M. Phylogenetic relationships of the Nassulida within the phylum Ciliophora inferred from the complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Furgasonia blochmanni, Obertrumia georgiana, and Pseudomicrothorax dubius. J. Euk. Microbiol. 42:126-131 (1995).

96. Kerk, D., Gee, A., Wainright, P.O., Drum, A.S., Elston, R.A. and Sogin, M.L. The Rosette Agent of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhyhnchus tshawytscha) is Closely Related to Choanoflagellates, as Determined by the Phylogenetic Analyses of its Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA. Marine Biology 122:187-192 (1995).

97. Gunderson, J., Hinkle, G., Leipe, D., Morrison, H.G., Stickel, S.K., Odelson, D.A., Breznak, J.A., Nerad, T.A., Muller, M., and Sogin, M.L. Phylogeny of Trichomonads Inferred from Small-Subunit rRNA Sequences. J. Euk. Microbiol. 42:411-415. (1995).

98. Sogin, M.L., H.G. Morrison, G. Hinkle and J.D. Silberman. Ancestral Relationships of the Major Eukaryotic Lineages. Microbiologia SEM 12:17-28 (1996).

99. Hammerschmidt, B., M. Schlegel, D.H. Lynn, D.D. Leipe, M.L. Sogin and I.B. Raikov. Insights into the Evolution of Nuclear Dualism in the Ciliates Revealed by Phylogenetic Analysis of rRNA Sequence. J. Euk. Microbiol. 3:225-230 (1996).

100. Silberman, J.D., M.L. Sogin, D.D. Leipe, C.G. Clark. Blastocystis hominis: a human parasite finds a taxonomic home. Nature 380:398 (1996).

101. Silberman, J.D., C. G. Clark and M.L. Sogin. Dientamoeba fragilis shares a recent common evolutionary history with the Trichomonads; Evidence from 16s-like rRNA sequence comparisons. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 76:311-314 (1996).

102. Santamaria-Fries, M., Fajardo, L.F., Sogin, M.L., Olson, P.D. and Relman, D.A. Lethal infection by a previously-unrecognised metazoan parasite. Lancet 347:1797-1801 (1996).

103. Sogin, M.L., Silberman, J.D., Hinkle, G. and Morrison, H. G. Problems with Molecular Diversity in the Eukarya. Society for General Microbiology Symposium 54: Evolution of Microbial Life, ed. D. McL. Roberts, P. Sharp, G. Alderson and M.A. Collins. Cambridge University Press, pp. 167-184 (1996).

104. Sogin, M.L. and Hinkle, G. Common Measures for Studies of Biodiversity: Molecular phylogeny in the eukaryotic microbial world. in "Systematics 2000 Biodiversity Symposium". ed. M. Reaka and E. O. Wilson. Joeseph Henry Press, 109-122 (1996).

105. Leipe, D., S.B. Tong, C.L. Goggin, S.B. Slemenda, N.J. Pieniazek and M.L. Sogin. 16S-like rDNA sequences from Developayella elegans, Labyrinthuloides haliotidis and Proteromonas lacertae confirm that the stramenopiles are a primarily heterotrophic group. Europ. J. Protistology 32:449-458 (1996).

106. Relman, D.A., T.M. Schmidt, A. Gajadhar, M.L. Sogin, J.Cross, K. Yoder, O Sethabutr and P. Echeverria. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Cyclospora, the human intestinal pathogen, suggests that it is closely related to Eimeria species. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173:440-445 (1996).

107. Bahr, M., J.E. Hobbie and M.L. Sogin. Bacterial diversity in an arctic lake: a freshwater SAR11 cluster. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 11:271-277 (1996).

108. Schlegel, M., J. Lom, A. Stechmann, D. Bernhard, D. Leipe, I. Dykova and M.L. Sogin. Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Coding Region of Myxidium lieberkuehni: Evidence that Myxozoa are Metazoa and Related to the Bilateria. Arch. Protistenkd. 147:1-9. (1996).

109. Sogin, M.L. Organelle origins: Energy-producing symbionts in early eukaryotes? Current Biology 7:R315-R317 (1997).

110. Amaral Zettler, L., M.L. Sogin and D.A. Caron. Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on Haeckel’s Radiolaria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11411-11416 (1997).

111. Sogin, M.L. History assignment: when was the mitochondrion founded? Current Opinions in Genetics & Development 7:792-799 (1997).

112. Zhou, Q., G. Hinkle, M. L. Sogin, and V. E. Dionne. Phylogenetic Analysis of Olfactory Receptor Genes from Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). Biol. Bull. 193:248-250 (1997).

113. Hinkle, G., H.G. Morrison and M.L. Sogin. Genes coding for reverse transcriptase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase and chitin synthase from the microsporidian Spraguea lophii. Biol. Bull. 193:250-251 (1997).

114. Roger, A.J., S.G. Svard, J. Tovar, C. Graham Clark, M.W. Smith, F.D. Gillin and M.L. Sogin. A mitochondrial-like chaperonin 60 gene in Giardia lamblia: Evidence that diplomonads once harbored an endosymbiont related to the progenitor of mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:229-234 (1998).

115. Sogin, M.L. and J.D. Silberman. Evolution of the Protists and Protistan Parasites from the perspective of molecular systematics. International Journal of Parasitology 28:11-20 (1998).

116. Morrison, H.G., E.J. Weil, S.I. Karchner, M.L. Sogin, and J.J. Stegeman. Molecular Cloning of CYP1A from the Estuarine Fish Fundulus heteroclitus and Phylogenetic Analysis of CYP1 Genes: Update With New Sequences. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C. 121:231-240 (1998).

117. Edgcomb, V., E. Viscogliosi, A.G.B. Simpson, P. Delgado-Viscogliosi, A.J. Roger, and M.L. Sogin. New Insights Into the Phylogeny of Trichomonads Inferred From Small Subunit rRNA Sequences. Protist 149:359-366 (1998).

118. Smith, M.W., S.B. Aley, M.L. Sogin, F.D. Gillin and G.A. Evans. Sequence survey of the Giardia lamblia genome. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 95:267-280 (1998).

119. Henze, K., H.G. Morrison, M.L. Sogin, and M. Müller. Sequence and phylogenetic position of a class II aldolase gene in the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia. Gene 222:163-168 (1998).

120. Clark, C.G., J.D. Silberman, L.S. Diamond, M.L. Sogin. Molecular systematics of the intestinal amoebae in “Evolutionary Relationships Among Protozoa”, eds. G. H. Coombs, K. Vickerman, M. A. Sleigh and A. Warren, Systematics Association Special Volume 56:169-180 (1998).

121. Teske, A., M.L. Sogin, L.P. Nielsen and H.W. Jannasch. Phylogenetic Relationships of a Large Marine Beggiatoa. System. Appl. Microbiol. 22:39-44 (1999).

122. Roger, A.J., H.G. Morrison, and M.L. Sogin. Primary structure and phylogenetic relationships of a malate dehydrogenase gene from Giardia lamblia. Journal of Molecular Evolution 48:750-755 (1999).

123. Zaman, V., M. Zaki, J. Howe, M. Ng, D.D. Leipe, M.L. Sogin, and J.D. Silberman. Hyperamoeba isolated from Human Feces: Description and Phylogenetic Affinity. Europ. J. Protistol. 35:197-207(1999).

124. Sanchez, L.B., H.G. Morrison, M.L. Sogin and M. Muller. Cloning and sequencing of a putative acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) gene from the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia. Gene 233:225-231 (1999).

125. Sogin, M.L. Evolution: A molecular point of view (introductory and concluding remarks). Biol. Bull. 196:307, 415-416 (1999).

126. Silberman, J.D., C.R. Clark, L.S. Diamond and M. L. Sogin. Phylogeny of the genera Entamoeba and Endolimax as deduced from small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. Mole. Biol. Evol. 16:1740-1751 (1999).

127. Orgel, L., M.A. Hearn, J. Bada, J. Baross, C. Chapman, M. Drake, J. Kerridge, M. Race, M. Sogin, S. Squyres. Sample return from small solar system bodies. Adv. Space Res. 25:239-248 (1999).

128. Delgado-Viscogliosi, P., E.Viscogliosi, D. Gerbod, J. Kulda, M.L. Sogin and V.P. Edgcomb. Molecular phylogeny of Parabasalids based on small subunit rRNA Sequences, with Emphasis on the Trichomonadinae Subfamily. J. Euk. Microbiol. 47(1):70-75 (2000).

129. Wu, G., A.G. McArthur, A. Fiser, A.Sali, M.L. Sogin and M. Muller. Core Histones of the Amitochondria Protist, Giardia lamblia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1156-1163 (2000).

130. McArthur, A.G., H.G. Morrison, J.E.J. Nixon, N.Q.E. Passamaneck, U. Kim, G. Hinkle, M.K. Crocker, M.E. Holder, R. Farr, C.I. Reich, G.J. Olsen, S.B. Aley, R. Adam, F.D. Gillin, and M.L. Sogin. The Giardia genome project database. FEMS Microbiology Letters 189:271-273 (2000).

131. Amaral Zettler, L.A., T.A. Nerad, C.J. O’Kelly, M.T. Peglar, P.M. Gillevet, J.D. Silberman, and M.L. Sogin. A molecular reassessment of the Leptomyxid amoebae. Protist 151:275-282 (2000).

132. Bouzat, J.L., L.K. McNeil, H.M. Robertson, L.F. Solter, J. Nixon, J.E. Beever, H.R. Gaskins, G. Olsen, S. Subramaniam, M.L. Sogin, and H.A. Lewin. Phylogenomic analysis of the proteasome gene family from early-diverging eukaryotes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 51:532-543 (2000).

133. Edgcomb, V.P., A. Roger, A.G.B. Simpson, D. Kysela, and M.L. Sogin. Evolutionary Relationships Among "Jakobid" Flagellates as Indicated by Alpha- and Beta-Tubulin Phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:514-522 (2001).

134. Morrison, H.G., A.J. Roger, T.G. Nystul, F.D. Gillin, and M.L. Sogin. Giardia lamblia expresses a proteobacterial-like DnaK homolog. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:530-541 (2001).

135. Amaral Zettler, L.A., T.A. Nerad, C.J. O’Kelly and M.L. Sogin. The nucleariid amoebae: More protists at the animal-fungal boundary. J. Euk. Microbiol. 48:293-297 (2001).

136. Walker, G., A.G.B. Simpson, V.P. Edgcomb, M.L. Sogin, and D.J. Patterson. Ultrastructural identities of Mastigamoeba punctachora, Mastigamoeba simplex, and Mastigella commutans and assessment of hypotheses of relatedness of the pelobionts (Protista). Europ. J. Protistol. 37:25-49 (2001).

137. Barbieri, E., B.J. Paster, D. Hughes, L. Zurek, D.P Moser, A. Teske and M.L. Sogin. Phylogenetic Characterization of Epibiotic Bacteria in the Accessory Nidamental Gland and in the Egg Capsules of the Squid Loligo Pealei (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae). Environmental Microbiology 3(3):151-167 (2001).

138. Medina, M., A. Collins, J.D. Silberman, and M.L. Sogin. Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA. PNAS 98(17): 9707-9712 (2001).

139. Amaral Zettler, L.A., O.R. Anderson, T.A. Nerad and M.L. Sogin. The phylogenetic position of Comandonia operculata and its implications for the taxonomy of the genus Acanthamoeba. IXth International Meeting on the Biology and Pathogenicity of Free-Living Amoebae Proceedings, eds. S. Billot-Bonef, P.A. Cabanes, F. Marciano-Cabral, P. Pernin, E. Pringuez. Paris 8-14 July, pp. 235-242 (2001).

140. McArthur, A.G., L.A. Knodler, J.D. Silberman, B.J. Davids, F.D. Gillin, and M.L. Sogin. The evolutionary origins of eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase domains: New evidence from the amitochondriate protist Giardia lamblia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18(8):1455-1463 (2001).

141. Gerbod, D., V.P. Edgcomb, C. Noël, S. Vanacova, R. Wintjens, J. Tachezy, M.L. Sogin and E. Viscogliosi. Phylogenetic relationships of Class II fumarase genes from Trichomonad species. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18(8):1574-1584 (2001).

142. Gerbod, D., V.P. Edgcomb, C. Noel, L. Zenner, R. Wintjens, P. Delgado-Viscogliosi, M.E. Holder, M.L. Sogin and E. Viscogliosi. Phylogenetic Position of the Trichomonad Parasite of Turkeys, Histomonas meleagridis (Smith) Tyzzer, Inferred from Small Subunit rRNA Sequence. J. Euk. Microbiol. 48(4):498-504 (2001).

143. Karpov, S.A., M.L. Sogin and J.D. Silberman. Rootlet homology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of bicosoecids based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. Protistology 2(1): 34-47 (2001).

144. Podar, M., S.H.D. Haddock, M.L. Sogin, and G. R. Harbison. A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Phylum Ctenophora Using 18S rRNA Genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21(2):218-230 (2001).

145. Nixon, J.E.J., A. Wang, H.G. Morrison, A.G. McArthur, M.L. Sogin, B.J. Loftus and J. Samuelson. A Spliceosomal intron in Giardia lamblia. PNAS 99(6): 3701-3705 (2002).

146. Nixon, J.E.J., A. Wang, J. Field, H.G. Morrison, A.G. McArthur, M.L. Sogin, B.J. Loftus and J. Samuelson. Evidence for Lateral Transfer of Genes Encoding Ferredoxins, Nitroreductases, NADH Oxidase, and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 from Anaerobic Prokaryotes to Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. Eukaryotic Cell 1(2):181-190 (2002).

147. Gerbod, D., C. Noël, M. F. Dolan, V. P. Edgcomb, O. Kitade, S. Noda, F. Dufernez, M. Ohkuma, T. Kudo, M. Capron, M. L. Sogin, and E. Viscogliosi. Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids inferred from small subunit rRNA sequences, with emphasis on the Devescovinidae and Calonymphidae (Trichomonadea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25:545-556 (2002).

148. Teske, A., K-U. Hinrichs, V. Edgcomb, A. de Vera Gomez, D. Kysela, S.P. Sylva, M.L. Sogin & H.W. Jannasch. Microbial Diversity of Hydrothermal Sediments in the Guaymas Basin: Evidence for Anaerobic Methanotrophic Communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(4): 1994-2007 (2002).

149. Amaral Zettler, L.A., F. Gomez, E. Zettler, B.G. Keenan, R. Amils and M.L. Sogin. Heavy-metal, acid-loving eukaryotes from Spain’s “River of Fire”. Nature 417:137 (2002).

150. Edgcomb, V.P., D.T. Kysela, A. Teske, A. de Vera Gomez, and M.L. Sogin. Benthic eukaryotic diversity in a hydrothermal vent. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99(11):7658-7662 (2002).

151. Edgcomb, V.P., A.G.B. Simpson, L. A. Amaral Zettler, T.A. Nerad, D. J. Patterson, M.E. Holder and M.L. Sogin. Pelobionts are Degenerate Protists: Insights from Molecules and Morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19(6): 978-982 (2002).

152. Langford, T.D., J.D. Silberman, M.E-L. Weiland, S.G. Svärd, J.M.McCaffery, M.L. Sogin and F.D. Gillin. Giardia lamblia: identification and characterization of Rab and GDI proteins in a genome survey of the ER to Golgi endomembrane system. Experimental Parasitology 101:13-24 (2002).

153. Simpson, A.G.B., A.J. Roger, J.D. Silberman, D.D. Leipe, V.P. Edgcomb, L.S. Jermiin, D.J. Patterson and M.L. Sogin. Evolutionary history of early diverging eukaryotes: The excavate taxon Carpediemonas is a close relative of Giardia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19(10): 1782-1791 (2002).

154. Morrison, H.G., G. Zamora, R.K. Campbell and M.L. Sogin. Inferring protein function from genomic sequence: Giardia lamblia expresses a phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase similar to yeast and mammalian TOR. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 133:477-491 (2002).

155. Podar, M., L. Mullineaux, H-R Huang, P. S. Perlman and M.L. Sogin. Bacterial Group II Introns in a Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(12):6392-6398 (2002).

156. Nixon, J.E.J., J. Field, A.G. McArthur, M.L. Sogin, N. Yarlett, B.J. Loftus, and J. Samuelson. Iron-Dependent Hydrogenases of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia: Activity of the Recombinant Entamoebic Enzyme and Evidence for Lateral Gene Transfer. Biol. Bull. 204:1-9 (2003).

157. Amaral Zettler, L.A., M.A. Messerli, A.D. Laatsch, P.J.S. Smith, and M. L. Sogin. From Genes to Genomes: Beyond biodiversity in Spain’s Rio Tinto. Biol. Bull. 204: 205-209 (2003).

158. Dhillon, A., A. Teske, J. Dillon, D.A. Stahl and M.L. Sogin. Molecular Characterization of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in the Guaymas Basin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(5):2765-2772 (2003).

159. Noël, C., C. Peyronnet, D. Gerbod, V. P. Edgcomb, P. Delgado-Viscogliosi, M. L. Sogin, M. Capron, E. Viscogliosi, and L. Zenner. Phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts based n the comparison of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology 126:119-123 (2003).

160. Sogin, M. and D. E. Jennings. Introduction. Biol. Bull. 204:159 (2003).

161. Teske, A., A. Dhillon and M. L. Sogin. Genomic markers of ancient anaerobic microbial pathways: sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and methane oxidation. Biol. Bull. 204:186-191 (2003).

162. Peglar, M.T., L.A. Amaral Zettler, O.R. Anderson, T.A. Nerad, P.M. Gillevet, T.E. Mullen, S. Frasca, Jr., J.D. Silberman, C.J. O’Kelly and M. Sogin. Two New Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Lineages within the Subclass Gymnamoebia. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 50(3):224-232 (2003).

163. Seshadri, V., A.G. McArthur, M.L. Sogin, R.D. Adam. Giardia lamblia RNA polymerase II: Amanitin-Resistant Transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 278(30): 27804-27810 (2003).

164. O'Kelly, C. J., J. D. Silberman, L. A. Amaral Zettler, T. A. Nerad, & M. L. Sogin. Monopylocystis visvesvarai and Sawyeria marylandensis: Two New Amitochondrial Heterolobosean Amoebae from Anoxic Environments. Protist 154: 281-290 (2003).

165. Walker, G., J.D. Silberman, S.A. Karpov, A. Preisfeld, P. Foster, A.Ol Frolov, Y. Novozhilov and M.L. Sogin. An ultrastructural and molecular study of Hyperamoeba dachnyaya,n. sp., and its relationship to the mycetozoan slime moulds. European Journal of Protistology 39: 3 19-336 (2003).

166. Medina, M., A.G. Collins, J.W. Taylor, J. W. Valentine, J.H. Lipps, L. Amaral Zettler, & M. L. Sogin. Phylogeny of Opisthokonta and the evolution of multicellularity and complexity in Fungi and Metazoa. International Journal of Astrobiology 2(3): 203-211 (2003).

167. Crump, B., C.S. Hopkinson, M.L. Sogin, and J.E. Hobbie. Microbial Biogeography along an Estuarine Salinity Gradient: Combined Influences of Bacterial Growth and Residence Time. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(3):1494-1505 (2004).

168. Powell, W.H., H.G. Morrison, E.J. Weil, S.I. Karchner, M.L. Sogin, J.J. Stegeman, M.E. Hahn. Cloning and analysis of the CYP1A promoter from the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Mar Environ Res 58:119-124 (2004).

169. Kysela, D.T., C. Palacios and M.L. Sogin. Serial Analysis of V6-ribosomal sequence tags (SARST-V6): A method for efficient, high-throughput analysis of microbial community composition. Environmental Microbiology 7(3): 356-364 (2005).

170. Noel, C., F. Dufernez, D. Gerbod, V. P. Edgcomb, P. Delgado-Viscogliosi, L. Ho, M. Singh, R. Wintjens, M.L. Sogin, M. Capron, R. Pierce, L. Zenner, and E. Viscogliosi. Molecular Phylogenies of Blastocystis Isolates from Different Hosts: Implications for Genetic Diversity, Speciation, and Zoonosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 348-355 (2005).

171. Dhillon, A., S. Goswami, M. Riley, A. Teske, M. Sogin. Domain Evolution and Functional Diversification of Sulfite Reductases. Astrobiology 5(1): 18-29 (2005).

172. Weiland, M.E.-L., A.G. McArthur, H.G. Morrison, M.L. Sogin, S.G. Svärd. Annexin-like alpha giardins: a new cytoskeletal gene family in Giardia lamblia. Intl. J. Parasitology 35: 617-626 (2005).

173. Messerli, M.A., L.A. Amaral-Zettler, E. Zettler, S.K. Jung, P.J. Smith, M.L. Sogin. Life at acidic pH imposes an increased energetic cost for a eukaryotic acidophile. J. Exp. Biol. 208(13): 2569-79 (2005).

174. Bahr, M., B.C. Crump, V. Klepac-Ceraj, A. Teske, M.L. Sogin, J. E. Hobbie. Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a New England salt marsh. Environmental Microbiology 7(8): 1175-1185 (2005).

175. Dhillon, A., M. Lever, K.G. Lloyd, D.B. Albert, M.L. Sogin, A. Teske. Methanogen Diversity Evidenced by Molecular Characterization of Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase A (mcrA) Genes in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Guaymas Basin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(8): 4592-4601 (2005).

176. Bach, W., K.J. Edwards, J.M. Hayes, J.A. Huber, S.M. Sievert and M.L. Sogin. Energy in the Dark: Fuel for Life in the Deep Ocean and Beyond. Eos 87(7): 73, 78 (2006).

177. Biddle, J.F., J.S. Lipp, M.A. Lever, K.G. Lloyd, K.B. Sørensen, R. Anderson, H.F. Fredricks, M. Elvert, T.J. Kelly, D.P. Schrag, M.L. Sogin, J.E. Brenchley, A. Teske, C.H. House and K.-U. Hinrichs. Heterotrophic Archaea dominate sedimentary subsurface ecosystems off Peru. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(10): 3846-3851 (2006).

178. Ley, R.E., J.K. Harris, J. Wilcox, J.R. Spear, S.R. Miller, B.M. Bebout, J.A. Maresca, D.A. Bryant, M.L. Sogin and N.R. Pace. Unexpected diversity and complexity from the Guerrero Negro hypersaline microbial mat. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72: 3685-3695 (2006).

179. Sogin, M.L., H.G. Morrison, J.A. Huber, D.Mark Welch, S.M. Huse, P.R. Neal, J.M. Arrieta, and G.J. Herndl. Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the under-explored "rare biosphere". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(32): 12115-12120 (2006)

180. Patterson, D.J. and M.L. Sogin. The micro*scope web tool. pp 579-584 in Sullivan W. T., Baross, J. A., (eds) Planets and Life: The emerging Science of Astrobiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007

181. Sogin, M. l., D. J. Patterson and A. McArthur. The origin and diversification of eukaryotes. pp 265-274 in Sullivan W. T., Baross, J. A., (eds) Planets and Life: The emerging Science of Astrobiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007

182. Huse, S.M., J.A. Huber , H.G. Morrison, M.L. Sogin and D. Mark Welch. Accuracy and quality of massively parallel DNA pyrosequencing. Genome Biology, 8: R143

183. Morrison, H.G., A.G. McArthur, F.D. Gillin, S.B. Aley, R.D. Adam, G.J. Olsen, A.A. Best, Z. Cande, F. Chen, M.J. Cipriano, B.J. Davids, S.C. Dawson, H.G. Elmendorf, A.B. Hehl, M.E. Holder, S.M. Huse, U.U. Kim, E. Lasek-Nesselquist, G. Manning, A. Nigam, J.E. Nixon, D. Palm, N.E. Passamaneck, A. Prabhu, C.I. Reich, D.S. Reiner, J. Samuelson, S. G.Svard, M.L.Sogin. Genomic Minimalism in the Early Diverging Intestinal Parasite Giardia lamblia. Science 317:1921-1926. (2007)

184. Huber, J.A., D.M. Welch, H.G. Morrison, S.M. Huse, P.R. Neal, D.A. Butterfield and M.L. Sogin. Microbial Population Structures in the Deep Marine Biosphere. Science 318:97-100 (2007)

185. D’Hondt, S, F. Inagaki, F. Ferdelman, T. Barker, B. Jørgensen, K. Kato, P. Kemp, P. Sobecky, M. Sogin, and K. Takai, 2007. Exploring Subseafloor Life with the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Drilling 5: 26–37.(2007)

186. Santelli, C.A., B.N. Orcutt, E. Banning, W. Bach, C.L. Moyer, M.L. Sogin, K. J. Edwards. Abundance and diversity of microbial life in the ocean crust, Nature 453:653-656 (2008).

187. Lasek-Nesselquist, E., A. Bogomolni, R. Gast, D.M. Welch, J.C. Ellis, M.L. Sogin, M. Moore. Molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis haplotypes in marine animals: variation and zoonotic potential. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 81:39-51 (2008)

188. Dethlefsen, L., S. Huse, M.L. Sogin, D.A. Relman. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLoS Biology 6(11): e280 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060280.

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Supported by NIH, NSF, NASA, The Josephine Bay Paul and C. Michael Paul Foundation, W.M. Keck Foundation, G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, and Ellison Medical Foundation.
Unless otherwise stated, all material © 2004 Bay Paul Center, MBL.